《生物化学》

Section A - Cell organization1

A1 Prokayotes1

A2 Eukaryotes4

Abbreviations8

Preface10

A3 Microscopy10

A4 Cellular fractionation15

Section B - Amino acids and proteins19

B1 Amino acids19

B2 Acids and bases23

B3 Protein structure27

B4 Myoglobin and hemoglobin36

B5 Collagen43

B6 Protein putification50

B7 Chromatogyaphy of proteins54

B8 Electrophoresis of proteins58

B9 Protein sequencing and peptide synthesis63

Section C - Enzymes69

C1 Introduction to enzymes69

C2 Thermodynamics76

C3 Enzyme kinetics81

C4 Enzyme inhilition87

C5 Regulation of enzyme activity90

Section D - Antibodies97

D1 The immune system97

D2 Antibody structure101

D3 Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies105

D4 Antibody synthesis107

D5 Antibodyies as tools112

Section E - Membranes117

E1 Membrane lipids117

E2 Membrane protein and carbohydrate124

E3 Membrane transport,small molecules131

E4 Membrane transport:macromolecules136

E5 Signal transduction141

Section F - DNA structure and replication147

F1 DAN structure147

F2 Chromosomes153

F3 DNA replication in bacteria157

F4 DNA replication in eukaryotes162

Section G - RNA synthesis and processing167

G1 RNA structure167

G2 Transcription in prokaryotes169

G3 The lac operon173

G4 The trp operon177

G5 Transcription in eukaryotes:an overview181

G6 Transcription of protein-coding geies in eukaryotes183

G7 Regulation of transcription by RNA PolⅡ187

G8 Processing of eukaryotic pre-mRNA195

G9 Ribosomal RNA203

G10 Transfer RNA209

Section H - Protein symthesis215

H1 The genetic code215

H2 Translation in prokaryotes219

H3 Translation in eukaryotes227

H4 Protein targeting230

H5 Protein glycosylation238

I1 Restriction enzymes243

Section I - Recombinant DNA technology243

I2 Nucleic acid hybridization248

I3 DAN cloning251

I4 Viruses256

I5 DNA sequencing260

I6 Polymerase chain reaction263

Section J - Carbohydrate metabolism267

J1 Monosaccharides and disaccharides267

J2 Polysaccharides and oligosaccharides274

J3 Glycolysis278

J4 Gluconeogenesis289

J5 Pentose phosphate pathway298

J6 Glycogen metabolism302

J7 Control of glycogen metabolism305

Section K - Lipid metabolism311

K1 Structures and roles of fatty acids311

K2 Fatty acid breakdown315

K3 Fatty acid synthesis322

K4 Triacylglycerols328

K5 Cholesterol333

K6 Lipoproteins339

Section L - Respiration and energy343

L1 Citric acid cycle343

L2 Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation347

L3 Photosynthesis359

Section M - Nitrogen metabolism369

M1 Nitrogen fixation and assimilation369

M2 Amion aciid metabolism373

M3 The urea cycle380

M4 Hemes and chlorophylls386

Section N - Cell specialization391

N1 Muscle391

N2 Cilia and foagella397

N3 Nerve400

Futther reading405

Index413