《动物生物学》

Section A-ClassificationA1 The Protozoa1

A2 Phylum Porifera6

CONTENTSAbbreviations7

Preface8

A3 Phylum Mesozoa9

A4 Phylun Cnidaria(=Coelenterata)10

A5 Phylum Platyhelminthes14

A6 Phylum Nemertina(=Nemertea or Rhynchocoela)18

A7 Phylum Nematoda21

A8 Phylum Annelida25

A9 Phylum Mollusca30

A10 Phylum Onychophora36

A11 Phylum Arthropoda37

A12 Phylum Echinodermata47

A13 Phylum Hemichordata53

A14 Phylum Chordata57

Section B-Animal structure,development and relationshipsB1 Body plans and body cavities73

B2 Symmetry in animals77

B3 Skeletons78

B4 Protostomes and deuterostomes81

B5 Relationships between phyla83

B6 Neoteny and pedogenesis85

B7 Evolutionary origins of the Chordata86

Section C-Comparative animal physiologyC1 Homeostasis89

RespirationC2 Respiration93

C3 Human external respiration(ventilation orbreathing)98

C4 Gas transport in the blood101

C5 Diving physiology106

C6 High altitude respiration109

Blood and circulationC7 Blood and circulation111

C8 Mammalian circulatory system113

C9 Mammalian blood117

C10 The mammalian heart122

C11 Vertebrate hearts and arterial systems and theirevolution126

Immune systemC12 The immune system127

C13 Immune responses131

C14 Hypersensitivity,autoimmunity and immunization135

C15 Lymphatic system and lymph138

Internal environmentC16 Osmoregulation140

C17 Nitrogenous excretion146

C18 The gut and digestion154

C19 Human blood glucose control161

C20 Temperature relationships164

C21 Thermoregulation167

Integration and controlC22 Hormones175

C23 Integration and control:nerves181

C24 Integration and control:brain190

C25 Sense organs193

C26 Bone and connective tissue in the vertebrate skeleton204

C27 Muscles210

C28 Nonmuscular movement219

C29 Integument and skin222

C30 Locomotion:swimming224

C31 Locomotion:terrestrial locomotion227

C32 Locomotion:flight231

C33 Buoyancy236

SectionD-ReproductionanddevelopmentD1Reproduction,gametogenesisandfertilization241

D2 Development and birth250

D3 Lactation261

D4 Metamorphosis264

D5 Puberty in humans267

D6 The menstrual cycle in women270

D7 Mid-life and menopause in humans272

D8 Aging274

D9 Theories of aging278

Further reading283

Index285