《管理创新》求取 ⇩

Contents1

1． Creativity in management1

Nature of creative thinking1

The importance of creativity in management2

Creative problem solving4

The background of creative problem solving4

Overview of the creative Problem－solving process5

An IDEAL model for problem solving8

二ow creative thinking may be used in management10

Problem identification and defintion12

Idea generation methods13

Evaluating ideas15

Implementing ideas16

Computer assisted Creativity aids16

References17

2． Coping with blocks to creative problem solving20

Information processing and problerm solving21

Mind－set23

Other barriers to creative problem solving26

Blocks in an organizational setting28

A climate for creativity and innovation31

References35

3． Theories of creativity37

What is creative thinking？37

What are ideas？39

Theories of creativity40

The cognitive theory of creativity44

The brain as a human information processing system47

How knowledge is stored in memory48

SCRIPTS，DELTACTS and MOPS50

How we get ideas：the index metaphor51

References54

4．Identifying the problem56

Problem definition and redefinition58

Methods of problem definition or redefinition58

Redefinitional techniques59

Analytical techniques67

References75

5．Morphological analysis and related techniques76

Listing76

Checklists78

Cliches，proverbs and maxims79

Attribute listing81

Morphological analysis82

SCIMITAR85

Heuristic ideation technique85

Component detailing87

The Allen morphologizer91

Sequence－attribute modification matrix93

References96

6．Brainstorming and its variants97

Classical brainstorming98

Main types of problem that can be tackled100

composition of a brainstorming group101

Conducting a brainstorming session101

The process of brainstorming102

Brainwriting game106

Gordon-Little variation107

Story boards108

Trigger method111

Refernces111

7． Lateral thinking112

vertical versus lateral thinking112

Dim1ensions of latCral thinking113

Analogies124

References126

8．Synectics and related approaches127

Metaphors127

Synectics128

Nature of the psychological states129

Membership of a synectics group130

Features of synectics132

Operational mechanisms133

Synectics process136

When to use synectics，and its limitations143

References143

9．Miscellaneous idea－generating methods144

Visual metaphor144

Mind-mapping147

Value analysis147

Force field analysis148

Symbolic representations149

Attribute analogy chains151

Bionics152

Free association153

Story writing154

Crawford sliP writing156

Lotus blossom157

Fishbone diagram159

Scenario writing160

Scenario day－dreaming161

Cross－impact analysis164

References165

10．Evaluating ideas166

Collating and sorting ideas166

Evaluating ideas168

Culling，rating and scoring screens169

The Castle technique170

Decision balance sheet171

Creative evaluation171

Disjointed incrementalism173

Goalstorming173

Highlighting174

Reverse brainstorming175

Sticking dots176

Weighting systems177

Multifactor matrix177

Choosing an evaluation method181

References181

11．Implementing ideas183

Blocks to getting ideas adopted183

Putting ideas into practice186

Reducing resistance to change188

Coping with criticism189

Consensus mapping189

Potential problem analysis191

Research planning diagrams194

PERT techniques196

Post implementation199

References199

12．Computer assisted creatlvity201

Role of computers in creativity202

Computer assisted idea generation for individuals203

Restructuring thoughts207

Group creative problem－solving aids211

Evaluation of the alternatives214

Implementation of ideas214

Conclusion215

References216

Further reading218

Index219