《Table 2.Deformation paths of MSFRP》

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《Influence of deformation path on the forming effect in a multistep flexible rolling process》

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The MSFRP was simulated on Ansys/LS-DYNA.In finite element modeling，the flexible rolling equipment was simplified into two flexible forming rolls.As a result，with the modeling method of MSFRP，the forming roll was composed of many discrete short rolls of 5-mm radius.Each short roll rotated around its rotating axis，and its position was fixed after the adjustment was completed.The finite element model of the convex surface is shown in Fig.4.Sheet metal 1050Al was used in the simulation，with material parameters shown in Table 1.The sheet metal（330 mm×200 mm×1.8 mm）was defined as a flexible solid，and the initial mesh dimensions were 2 mm×2 mm.The sheet metal was divided into three layers in the thickness direction.The sheet blanks were modeled using SOLID164 elements and were evaluated using reduced integration to speed up the computation.As a forming tool，the forming rolls processed very rigidly and were thus defined as rigid bodies with a mesh size of 0.5 mm×0.5 mm.Because of the symmetry of the convex parts，only half of the model was investigated to save computational time.