《Table 1 Shape and Colour Coded Parsing in Chinese Syntax in Contrast to English》

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《基于CEFR的初级中文大纲及教材的设计（英文）》

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In Table 1，the sample sentence is‘I am studying in Beijing’in English；and‘Rwy’n astudio yn Beijing’in Welsh.In this particular sample，the syntactic patterns in both languages are identical，that is，a pronoun（blue circle）takes an action verb phrase（red rectangle）followed by a preposition phrase indicating location（white triangle）.However，the syntactic order is changed when the same meaning is expressed in Chinese，as‘我在北京学习（w6 z3i B0ij~ng xu9x!）’.The grammatical pattern is visually demonstrated as:a pronoun（blue circle），which is followed by a preposition phrase indicating location（white triangle），takes an action verb phrase（red rectangle）at the end.In this case，the learners see the grammatical pattern in either English or Welsh is different from Chinese，as the preposition phrase is located after subject and before verb predicate.This combination of visual assistance of colours and shapes is more straightforward to access by learners，and accelerates their learning speed.