《对比语言学 英文版》

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION1

1.1 What is Contrastive Linguistics?1

1.1.1 Name and Nature2

1.1.1.1 Linguistics2

1.1.1.2 Contrastive Linguistics5

1.1.2 Classification10

1.1.2.1 Theoretical and Applied Contrastive Linguistics10

1.1.2.2 Micro-contrastive and Macro-contrastive Linguistics16

1.2 Why Contrastive Linguistics?17

1.3 History and Development26

Study Questions33

CHAPTER 2 PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES35

2.1 Basic Assumptions ＆ Hypotheses35

2.1.1 Transfer:the Psychological Basis of Contrastive Analysis35

2.1.2 The Strong and Weak Versions of CA Hypothesis37

2.1.3 The Predictive Power of Contrastive Analysis39

2.2 Criteria for Comparison41

2.2.1 The Surface Structure(SS)42

2.2.2 The Deep Structure(DS)45

2.2.3 Translation Equivalence51

2.3 Procedures57

Study Questions58

CHAPTER 3 PHONETIC ＆ PHONOLOGICAL CONTRASTIVE ANALYSES61

3.1 Phonetics and Phonology61

3.2 Contrastive Phonetics63

3.3 Contrastive Phonology67

3.3.1 Phonological Contrastive Analysis67

3.3.2 Two Phonological Models69

3.4 Suprasegmental Contrastive Analysis73

Study Questions76

CHAPTER 4 LEXICAL CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS78

4.1 Contrastive Lexical Morphology79

4.2 Contrastive Lexical Semantics83

4.2.1 Motivation of Words84

4.2.2 Sense Relationships89

4.2.2.1 Syntagmatic Semantic Relationship:Collocation90

4.2.2.2 Paradigmatic Semantic Relationships92

4.2.2.3 Lexical Fields and Lexical Gaps95

4.2.3 Semantic Features100

4.3 Three Active Areas105

Study Questions117

CHAPTER 5 GRAMMATICAL CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS120

5.1 Contrastive Analysis of Inflectional Morphology122

5.1.1 Aspect124

5.1.2 Case125

5.1.3 Gender126

5.1.4 Mood127

5.1.5 Number127

5.1.6 Person127

5.1.7 Tense128

5.1.8 Voice128

5.2 Syntactic Contrastive Analysis133

5.2.1 Structuralist Approach(Surface-structure Contrasts)134

5.2.2 Generative Approach140

5.2.2.1 Transformational Grammarian Approach(Deep-structure Contrasts)140

5.2.2.2 Case Grammarian Approach(Deeper-structure Contrasts)149

Study Questions157

CHAPTER 6 TEXTUAL CONTRASTlVE ANALYSIS159

6.1 Text and Discourse162

6.2 Defining Characteristics of the Text163

6.3 Contrastive Analysis of Textual Cohesion166

6.3.1 Semantic Cohesion168

6.3.1.1 Reference168

6.3.1.2 Substitution172

6.3.1.3 Ellipsis173

6.3.1.4 Conjunction176

6.3.1.5 Lexical Relationships("Lexical Cohesion")181

6.3.2 Structural Cohesion182

6.3.2.1 Parallelism183

6.3.2.2 Comparison188

6.2.2.3 Information Structure189

6.3.3 Different Languages Preferring Different Cohesive Devices201

6.4 Contrastive Analysis of Textual Coherence203

Study Questions213

CHAPTER 7 PRAGMATIC CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS215

7.1 Speech Act Theory(Unilateral Communication)215

7.1.1 Speech Acts216

7.1.2 Felicity Conditions218

7.2 Conversational Interaction(Bilateral Communication)220

7.2.1 Structural Components of Conversation220

7.2.1.1 Openings221

7.2.1.2 Maintaining Conversation223

7.2.1.3 Closings229

7.2.2 Principles of Conversational Organization231

7.2.2.1 The Principle of Cooperation(Be Clear)232

7.2.2.2 Rules of Politeness(Be Polite)237

Study Questions242

REFERENCES244

INDEX254