《Table 1 Comparison of exaction methods》

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《中医临床症状数据元提取探析（英文）》

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From the extraction method，the first two categories of symptom data elements mentioned in3.1 are more suitable for the top-down approach while the bottom-up approach is better for the third category.Based on the above analyses，we propose that the overall protocol should take into account completeness and practicality to acquire a unified principle for the extraction as well as build a standard registration system for improving the standardization level of TCM clinical symptom data elements.To resolve this issue，we considered building a middle layer to combine the top-down and bottom-up approaches，which is also convenient for data element registration[13].Based on this theory，the extraction model of TCM symptom data elements comprised of three layers（Figure 3）.The features of the novel model structure are compared with those of top-down and bottom-up extraction methods in Table 1.