《Table 3 Comparison of China and the USA in the World Health Care Resources (1995-2014)》

  提示：宽带有限、当前游客访问压缩模式

本系列图表出处文件名：随高清版一同展现

《A Miracle of Human Development in China(1950-2030)》

1. 获取 高清版本忘记账户？点击这里登录

1. 下载图表忘记账户？点击这里登录

Source:World Health Organization 2016.Retrieved from http://www.who.int/gho/en/；World Bank，World Development Indicators（2016）；Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat，World Population Prospe

The path advantage is the inner cause of China’s human development miracle.This very path was in fact the modernization of man，which focuses on people throughout its course，and aims to improve living standards and raise the level of human development.The Chinese socialist modernization is in its nature a modernization of man.The Chinese human development spanning over 60 years consists of three paths；economic development，educational development and the health care development.During the period of planned economy，despite the severe shortage of resources and the lack of an economic base，China managed to build a primary basic service and security system that covered a wide range of the population and laid the human capital foundation.During the reform and openingup，the huge demographic dividends boosted China’s economic growth and brought a continuous highspeed growth of material wealth that lasted 30 years.This process did not go without mistakes though.China used to be in lopsided pursuit of economic growth and ended up with“one leg shorter than the other”，its social development lagging far behind.In the 21st century，the government changed its focus，and made new efforts to build the social protection system and coordinate economic growth with social development.As incomes increased steadily，the health of people was continuously improved，and education made increasing progress.The three factors altogether were to elevate China’s Human Development to a higher level.China blazed a new trail that was more suitable for its national conditions and more effective in coordinating economic growth with social development.This was a road of human development that proved faster，smoother and more intensive than that of the developed countries.The comparison between China and the USA reveals that in 1950，Chinese GDP per capita only equaled 1.1%that of the USA，while its average life expectancy was only 60.1%that of the USA，average schooling years only 11.9%and HDI only 21.3%.Over 60 years on，despite a far lower GDP per capita than the USA，China managed to catch up with the USA in human capital factors like health and education.By 2010，though China’s GDP per capita was only one fifth that of the USA，its average life expectancy had achieved 95.3%of its USA counterpart，average schooling years 75.6%and HDI76.9%.It is estimated that by 2030，when China’s per capita income reaches half of its USA counterpart，its average life expectancy will arrive at 98%that of the USA，average schooling years 90%and HDI 92.6%（Chart 1）.It took China a relatively short period（1950-2030）to achieve what the USA attained over 200years of modernization.That indicates the superiority of the Chinese path.What’s worth pointing out is that this very path is also one of resource-intensive development.Through the lens of health care，China，as the largest developing country，was challenged by a tiny number of public health care resources per capita.In 2014，China was home to 18.79%of the world’s population，yet its health care expenditures only accounted for 7.4%of the entire world.It was with those scarce health care resources that China managed to improve the well-being of its people.In contrast，the US’s health care expenditure assumed 38.28%of the world’s total，while only accommodating 4.39%of the world’s population（Table 3）. （1）