《Table 1 Intensity grade indices of maize cold damage in Heilongjiang Province》

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《Risk Assessment of Maize Cold Damage in Heilongjiang Province in Recent 30 Years》

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T is annual mean values（℃）of sum of monthly average temperature from May to September，T is anomalies（℃）of sum of monthly average temperature from May to September of the current year.

Hazard referred to the factors and degree of natural variations which caused cold damage，mainly referred to abnormally low temperature and its influential factors（including regional meteorological factors，topographies and latitudes）.For maize cold damage，maize was the hazard-affected body，the higher the hazard，the higher the risk of maize cold damage（Zhang，2009；Zhang and Li，2007）.The interannual variation trend of meteorological yield and that of the sum of monthly average temperature from May to September were basically the same（Zhu et al.，2015）.High yield happened in the year that temperature was high during the growing season，otherwise the yield was low.（Zhu et al.，2015）.Therefore，the anomalies of the sum of monthly average temperature from May to September from place to place could be used as the indices to judge whether the crop yield was reduced by cold damage in one year（Zhu et al.，2015）.Based on the new evaluative criterion of maize cold damage，which was，promulgated in 2012，the anomalies of the sum of monthly average temperature of maize growing season from May to September were selected as the indices to judge mild cold damage，moderate cold damage and severe cold damage（Table 1）.