《Table 3.Major texture components observed in cold rolling of low-carbon steels》

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《Crystallographic texture and earing behavior analysis for different second cold reductions of double-reduction tinplate》

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Some plots of the r-value versus angleαwith respect to the rolling direction are shown in Fig.11[15].Table 3shows the major texture components and their contribution to the drawability（rm）as well as to the tendency of earing（Δr）[15].The results in Fig.11 and Table 3 lead to some notable conclusions about desirable and undesirable orientations.For example，a strongγfiber texture or nearby component（i.e.，{554}<225>and{332}<113>）in low-carbon steels favors optimum deep drawability.The{554}<225>components increase with increasing degree of reduction，which is found to lead to values of rm=2.6 andΔr=1.1；this latter parameter indicates that this texture leads to the presence of 0 and 90°ears（Δr>0）.By contrast，theαfiber textures，such as{113}<110>and{112}<110>，which have a negative value ofΔr，lead to the presence of 45°ears（Δr<0）.In this case，controlling the relative intensity of these two kinds of components during rolling so as to attain nearly non-earing sheets is inevitable.Moreover，although the{100}<110>component possesses a relatively low value of absoluteΔr，which is beneficial for an excellent earing propensity，its poor rm value will undermine the deep drawability of sheets[16].