《Table 1 Pioneering studies in application of gut microbiome approaches in conservation biologya)》

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《Conservation metagenomics: a new branch of conservation biology》

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a) 1，T means targeted sequencing（such as 16S rRNA）；S means metagenomic shotgun sequencing；M means metabolomics methods.R means metatranscriptomic methods.P means（real time）PCR.2，D means that the research focuses on the diversity of microbiome.F means

The ongoing development in metagenomics technologies as well as the introduction of non-invasive sampling methods enables deep access to the gut microbiome of wild animals.Some pioneering research focused on the evolutionary relationship between phylogeny and diet of hosts and composition/function of gut microbiome in mammals（Ley et al.，2008；Muegge et al.，2011）.Following these global patterns of mammals，some intensive work on individual species has also been reported，including the tammar wallaby（Pope et al.，2010）and the giant panda（Zhu et al.，2011）.The potential role of gut microbiome in conservation biology has been gradually revealed，including host health and disease，habitat degradation and nutrition utilization of endangered animals（Stumpf et al.，2016）.Great achievements have been made in this field during the past decade（Ding et al.，2017；Table 1）.