《Table 1.Mean theoretical and actual compositions in glasses》

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《Yb~(3+)/Al~(3+)/Ce~(3+)/F~–掺杂石英玻璃的结构与性质（英文）》

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x is molar fraction；w is mass fraction.

Tetraethoxysilane（TEOS），C2H5OH，AlCl3·6H2O，YbCl3·6H2O，Ce Cl3·7H2O and（NH4）2Si F6 were used as precursors.Ethanol was utilized as a solvent.Deionized water was added to sustain the hydrolysis reaction.All the chemical reagents were analytically of pure grade.The preparation process of Yb3+-doped silica glass using the sol-gel method has been previously described[4，10].The sol was heated in an oxygen atmosphere from70 to 1 100°C to decompose the hydroxyl and organics.Then，the sol powder was sintered into glass at 1 750°C for 3 h in a vacuum state.The mean compositions of the glass samples are listed in Table 1.Si O2 was introduced with TEOS and（NH4）2SiF6；F was introduced by（NH4）2Si F6.Five samples with mean F/Si mass ratio of0%，2%，4%，8%and 12%were prepared and named YACF0，YACF2，YACF4，YACF8，and YACF12，respectively.Al3+single-doped（named Al）and Al3+/Yb3+co-doped（named Al/Yb）samples were prepared using the sol–gel method.Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy（ICP-AES）indicated that the contents of Yb2O3，Al2O3，and Ce2O3 in these silica glasses were close to the theoretical values as shown in Table 1.The F content was determined by electron probe microanalysis（EPMA，model JXA8230；JEOL Ltd.，Tokyo，Japan），with the test error being less than10%.A Heraeus Quarzglas quartz tube with a F-doping concentration of 65 000×10–6（mass fraction）was used as a reference as well.The actual content of F was remarkably lower than the corresponding theoretical value due to F volatilization during high-temperature sintering process（Table 1）.