《Table 1 Summary of our predictions for associations between metacommunity paradigms,species functio

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《Spatiotemporal distribution of seasonal bird assemblages on land-bridge islands: linking dynamic and static views of metacommunities》

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Here，we sampled bird assemblages of winter residents，summer residents，winter visitors and summer visitors on 36 islands in a large inundated lake，and examined the relationships between metacommunity dynamics，functional traits and island characteristics.Specifically，we tested the following four hypotheses:（1）Extirpation（or evacuation）rates will be higher for winter residents and winter visitors than summer residents and summer visitors，and highest of all for winter visitors.This is expected because of strong associations with habitats for breeding birds and high mobility of winter visitors.（2）Winter residents and winter visitors will have higher colonization rates in this region compared to summer residents and summer visitors，due to their high dispersal ability and weak territory associations.Related to this，habitat associations will be lower for winter birds than summer birds.（3）From（1）and（2），it follows that the overall turnover of bird assemblages is expected to be higher for winter than summer bird assemblages.An alternative is that turnover would be low if extirpation and colonization occur repeatedly in certain species（Beven 1976）and cancel each other out.（4）Summer residents and summer visitors will show stronger associations between species composition and habitat or island variables（and species characteristics associated with habitat specificity）than residents and winter visitors.This is because of the high habitat specificity expected for breeding birds.Overall，the expected net effect of the above is that we expect different metacommunity dynamics for winter versus summer residents，winter versus summer visitors，and resident versus migratory assemblages.