《三维数据场可视化》求取 ⇩

1．1 科学计算可视化概述1

1．1．1 科学计算可视化的含义1

1．1．1 What is Scientific Visualization?1

1．1 Introduction of Scientific Visualization1

第1章 绪论1

Chapter 1. Introduction1

1．1．2 The Significance for Implementing Scientific Visualization2

1．1．2 实现科学计算可视化的重要意义2

1．1．3 The Application of Scientific Visualization3

1．1．3 科学计算可视化的应用领域3

1．1．4 Research Issues in Scientific Visualization5

1．1．4 科学计算可视化的研究内容5

1．1．5 Current Status of Scientific Visualization6

1．1．5 国内外科学计算可视化现状6

1．2 Visualization of 3D Spatial Data Sets8

1．2 三维空间数据场可视化8

1．2．1 数据类型9

1．2．1 Data Types9

1．2．2 Basic Pipeline for Visualizing 3D Data Sets12

1．2．2 三维空间数据场可视化的基本流程12

1．2．3 两类不同的三维空间数据场可视化算法14

1．2．3 Two Different Visualization Approaches of 3D Data Sets14

第2章 三维空间规则数据场的直接体绘制15

Chapter 2. Direct Volume Rendering of 3D Regular Data Sets15

2．1 Resampling in Volume Rendering16

2．1．1 几个基本概念16

2．1 体绘制技术中的重采样16

2．1．1 Some Basic Concepts16

2．1．2 Image Representations in Spatial Domain and Frequency Domain17

2．1．2 图象信号的空域和频域表示17

2．1．3 滤波18

2．1．3 Filtering18

2．1．4 Reconstruction and Resampling23

2．1．4 重构与重采样23

2．2 体绘制中的光学模型24

2．2 Optical. Models for Direct Volume Rendering24

2．2．1 光线吸收模型25

2．2．1 Absorption Model25

2．2．3 Absorption Plus Emission Model26

2．2．2 光线发射模型26

2．2．2 Emission Model26

2．2．3 光线吸收与发射模型26

2．3．1 光线投射算法的基本原理28

2．3 Image Order Volume Rendering—Ray-casting Algorithm28

2．3．1 Basic Principles of Ray-casting Algorithm28

2．3 图象空间扫描的体绘制技术——光线投射体绘制算法28

2．3．2 三维数据场的分类问题29

2．3．2 Classification of 3D Data Sets29

2．3．3 颜色赋值32

2．3．3 Color Assignment32

2．3．4 图象合成33

2．3．4 Image Composition33

2．3．6 Improvement of Ray-casting Algorithm for Volume Rendering34

2．3．6 改进的光线投射体绘制算法34

2．3．5 明暗计算34

2．3．5 Shading Calculation34

2．3．7 用光线投射算法显示多等值面35

2．3．7 Rendering Multi-isosurfaces Using Ray-casting Algorithm35

2．4．1 足迹表法38

2．4．1 Footprint Methods38

2．4 Object Order Volume Rendering38

2．4 物体空间扫描的体绘制技术38

2．4．2 Volume Rendering Based on Shear-Warp Techniques45

2．4．2 基于错切-变形技术的体绘制算法45

2．4．3 Cells Projection Methods47

2．4．3 体元投射法47

2．4．4 Sub-volume Projection Methods51

2．4．4 子区域投射法51

2．5．1 Principles of Frequency Domain Volume Rendering58

2．5 Frequency Domain Volume Rendering58

2．5．1 频域体绘制技术的原理58

2．5频域体绘制技术58

2．5．2 Frequency Domain Volume Rendering Based on Data Classification and Color Assignment60

2．5．2 基于物质分类和颜色赋值的频域体绘制算法60

2．5．3 Adaptive Selection for the Order of Reconstruction Kernel62

2．5．3 重构核阶次的自适应选择62

2．5．4 Reducing Calculation Time and Memory Space66

2．5．4 进一步减少计算量和存储空间66

2．5．5 Frequency Domain Volume Rendering with Exponential Depth Effects71

2．5．5 频域体绘制中的指数深度补偿71

2．5．6 Boundary Sharpening Algorithm in Frequency Domain Volume Rendering74

2．5．6 频域体绘制中的边界面动态突出算法74

2．6．2 3D Texture Mapping and Its Implementation with Hardware76

2．6．2 三维纹理映射及其硬件实现76

2．6 Volume Rendering Based on 3D Texture Mapping Hardware76

2．6．1 Texture Mapping76

2．6．1 纹理映射76

2．6 由三维纹理映射硬件支持的直接体绘制76

2．6．3 Volume Rendering Algorithms Based on 3D Texture Mapping Hardware78

2．6．3 由三维纹理映射硬件支持的直接体绘制算法78

3．1．1 MC方法的基本原理89

Chapter 3. Creating Iso-surfaces in 3D Regular Data Sets89

3．1．1 Basic Principles89

3．1 Marching Cubes Methods89

3．1 Marching Cubes(MC)方法89

第3章 构造三维空间规则数据场中的等值面89

3．1．2 MC方法存在的问题92

3．1．2 Problems in Original Marching Cubes Methods92

3．1．3 Using Asymptote Method to Detect and Eliminate Ambiguity94

3．1．3 用渐近线方法判别和消除二义性94

3．1．4 多边形的连接及三角化95

3．1．4 Polygon Connection and Triangulation95

3．1．5 等值面的成组连接97

3．1．5 Grouping Iso-surfaces97

3．2 Marching Tetrahedral(MT)方法98

3．2 Marching Tetrahedral Methods98

3．2．1 MT方法的基本原理及存在的问题99

3．2．1 Basic Principles99

3．2．2 MT方法中的二义性判别和消除100

3．2．2 Ambiguity Detection and Elimination100

3．2．3 连接等值点构造多边形101

3．2．3 Creating Polygons101

3．2．4 Triangulation Polygons104

3．2．4 多边形的三角化104

3．2．5 Comparison among Different Methods105

3．2．5 几种方法的比较105

3．3 Dividing Cubes Methods106

3．3 剖分立方体方法106

3．3．1 Basic Principle107

3．3．2 Some Improvements107

3．3．1 剖分立方体方法的基本原理107

3．3．2 剖分立方体方法的两点改进107

4．1．1 Converting 3D Irregular Data Sets to 3D Regular Data Sets110

Chapter 4. Visualization of 3D Irregular Data Sets110

4．1 Ray-casting Methods in Visualization of 3D Irregular Data Sets110

4．1．2 Applying Ray-casting Methods on 3D Irregular Data Sets Directly110

4．1．2 将光线投射算法直接应用于不规则数据场110

4．1．1 将三维空间不规则数据场转换为规则数据场110

4．1 三维空间不规则数据场可视化的光线投射算法110

第4章 三维空间不规则数据场的可视化110

4．2 Cell Projection Methods in 3D Irregular Data Sets112

4．2 三维空间不规则数据场的体元投影方法112

4．2．1凸多面体网格的深度排序113

4．2．1 Depth Sorting in Convex Polyhedral Meshes113

4．2．2 非凸多面体网格的深度排序118

4．2．2 Depth Sorting in Non-Convex Polyhedral Meshes118

4．2．3 Implementation of Cell Projection Methods in 3D Irregular Data Sets122

4．2．3 三维空间不规则数据场体元投影方法的实现122

4．3 体元投影与光线投射相结合的方法124

4．3 Combination of Cell Projection Methods and Ray-casting Methods124

4．4 Creating Iso-surfaces in 3D Irregular Data Sets125

4．4 构造三维空间不规则数据场中的等值面125

4．4．2 Geometric Representation of Iso-surfaces in Elements126

4．4．2 单元内等值面的几何表示126

4．4．1 Gradients Calculation on Nodes in Irregular Meshes126

4．4．1 不规则网格中各角点梯度值的计算126

4．4．3 等值面边界法向的连续性129

4．4．3 Normal Continuity on the Boundary of Iso-surfaces129

Chapter 5. Visualization of Scattered Data130

5．1 Interpolation of Medium and Small Scale Scattered Data130

第5章 散乱数据的可视化130

5．1 中、小规模散乱数据的插值130

5．1．1 与距离成反比的加权法130

5．1．1 Inverse Distance Weighted Methods130

5．1．2 径向基函数插值法133

5．1．2 Radial Basis Function Methods133

5．1．3 有限元方法136

5．1．3 Finite Element Methods136

5．1．4 实例与讨论143

5．1．4 Examples and Discussion143

5．2．1 基于多层B样条的散乱数据插值方法144

5．2 大规模散乱数据的插值144

5．2．1 Scattered Data Interpolation Based on Multilevel B-spline Surfaces144

5．2 Interpolation of Large Scale Scattered Data144

5．2．2 自适应的层次B样条散乱数据插值方法148

5．2．2 Scattered Data Interpolation Based on Adaptive Hierarchical B-spline Surfaces148

6．1．1 三种实验型矢量场可视化方法153

第6章 三维矢量场的可视化153

6．1．1 Three Experimental Methods153

6．1 Introduction for Visualization of 3D Vector Data Sets153

Chapter 6. Visualization of 3D Vector Data Sets153

6．1 三维矢量场可视化概述153

6．1．2 用计算机实现三维矢量场的可视化155

6．1．2 Using Computer to Visualiza 3D Vector Data Sets155

6．1．3 Flowchart for Visualization of 3D Vector Data Sets156

6．1．3 矢量场可视化的基本流程156

6．2．1 基于六面体单元的矢量场数据组织157

6．2 Organization of Vector Data and Preprocessing157

6．2．1 Organization of Vector Data Based on Hexahedral Elements157

6．2 矢量场数据的组织及预处理157

6．2．2 Organization of Vector Data Based on Tetrahedral Elements159

6．2．2 基于四面体单元的矢量场数据组织159

6．3 基于几何形状的矢量场映射方法163

6．3．1 点图标方法163

6．3．1 Pointer Methods163

6．3 Vector Data Mapping Based on Geometric Shapes163

6．3．2 Vector Lines Methods164

6．3．2 矢量线方法164

6．3．3 Vector Surfaces and Vector Tubes Methods166

6．3．3 矢量面、矢量管方法166

6．4 Vector Data Mapping Based on Colors and Optical Feature168

6．4．1 体绘制技术的扩展——动态体绘制技术168

6．4 基于颜色、光学特性的矢量场映射方法168

6．4．1 Dynamic Volume Rendering168

6．4．2 Particle Methods169

6．4．2 粒子方法169

6．5．1 点噪声方法170

6．5．1 Spot Noise Method170

6．5 基于纹理的矢量场映射方法170

6．5 Vector Data Mapping Based on Texture170

6．5．2 Linear Integration Convolution Methods171

6．5．2 线积分卷积法171

6．5．3 Convolution Methods Using Parametric Region with Changeable Shape172

6．5．3 可变形参数域卷积法172

6．6 特征可视化174

6．6．1 矢量场拓扑结构分析法174

6．6 Feature Visualization174

6．6．1 Topological Structure Analysis in Vector Data Sets174

6．6．2 流场中特征结构的可视化175

6．6．2 Visualization of Feature Structure in Flow Field175

6．6．3 Feature Visualization Based on Selection176

6．6．3 基于选择的特征可视化176

第7章 由二维轮廓线重构三维形体177

Chapter 7. Construction of 3D Objects from Serial 2D Contours177

7．1 Construction of 3D Objects from Single Branching 2D Contours178

7．1．1 凸轮廓线之间的三维形体重构178

7．1 单轮廓线之间的三维形体重构178

7．1．1 Construction of 3D Objects from Single Branching Convex 2D Contours178

7．1．2 非凸轮廓线之间的三维形体重构183

7．1．2 Construction of 3D Objects from Single Branching Non-Convex 2D Contours183

7．2 Construction of 3D Objects from Multiple Branching 2D Contours186

7．2 多轮廓线之间的三维形体重构186

7．2．1 Minimum Spanning Tree for Correspondence Problem187

7．2．1 轮廓线对应问题的最小生成树方法187

7．2．2 分支问题的中间轮廓线方法188

7．2．2 Intermediary Contour Methods for Branching Problem188

7．2．3 将多轮廓线之间的形体重构问题转化为体数据中的等值面构造问题190

7．2．3 Using Marching Cubes Methods to Construct 3D Object from Multiple Branching Contours190

8．1．1 Significance of Model Simplification196

8．1 Introduction196

Chapter 8. Simplification of Complex Models and Multi-resolution Representation in Scientific Visual196

8．1．1 模型简化技术的重要性196

8．1 复杂模型简化技术概述196

第8章 科学计算可视化中复杂模型的简化及多分辨率表示196

8．1．2 Taxonomy for Model Simplification Methods197

8．1．2 模型简化方法的分类197

8．2 Super-surface Methods in Model Simplification199

8．2．1 超面算法199

8．2 复杂模型简化的超面方法199

8．2．1 Super-surface Methods199

8．2．2 超面算法的结果举例201

8．2．2 Examples of Super-surface Methods201

8．2．3 超面算法的几点改进202

8．2．3 Improvements of Super-surface Methods202

8．3 三角形网格的实时、连续多分辨率表示205

8．3 Continuous, Real-time Multi-resolution Representation for Triangular Meshes205

8．3．1 基本定义206

8．3．1 Some Definitions206

8．3．2 三种变换操作207

8．3．2 Three Operations for Transformation207

8．3．3 重要度的定义208

8．3．3 Definition of Importance208

8．3．4 有序递减网格209

8．3．4 Sorted Decremental Triangular Mesh (SDTM)209

8．3．5 Results of Model Simplification210

8．3．5 模型简化的结果数据210

8．4 Rendering of Triangular Meshes Based on SDTM213

8．4．1 Multi-resolution Selection Based on Distance213

8．4 基于有序递减网格的实时动态绘制213

8．4．1 距离驱动的实时动态绘制213

8．4．2 Multi-resolution Selection Based on Interactive Speed215

8．4．2 自适应的多分辨率绘制215

8．5 Simplification for 3D Non-manifold Models218

8．5 快速的非流形模型简化218

第9章 三维数据场可视化算法的并行实现220

9．1．1 并行计算体系结构220

9．1 并行可视化算法概述220

9．1．1 Architecture for Parallel Computing220

9．1 Introduction220

Chapter 9. Parallel Implementation for Visualization of 3D Data Sets220

9．1．2 Criteria for Evaluating Parallel Algorithms221

9．1．2 评价并行算法的主要指标221

9．1．3 Parallel Algorithms for Visualization of 3D Data Sets222

9．1．3 三维数据场可视化并行算法222

9．2 Parallel Algorithms for Visualization of 3D Data Sets Based on PVM225

9．2．1 将并行计算技术引入频域体绘制算法225

9．2 基于PVM的三维数据场可视化算法225

9．2．1 Implementation of Frequency Domain Volume Rendering Using Parallel Computing225

9．2．3 同构机群环境中的并行频域体绘制226

9．2．2 并行虚拟机226

9．2．3 Parallel Frequency Domain Volume Rendering in Homogeneous Cluster Machines226

9．2．2 Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM)226

9．2．4 Parallel Frequency Domain Volume Rendering in Heterogeneous Cluster Machines237

9．2．4 异构机群环境中的并行频域体绘制237

Chapter 10. Application Systems for Visualization of 3D Data Sets239

10．1 3D Reconstruction System for Cross Section Images of Human Body239

10．1．1 Background239

10．1．1 应用背景239

10．1 人体断面解剖图象三维重构系统239

第10章 三维数据场可视化实用系统简介239

10．1．2 System Performance240

10．1．3 Development Environment for System240

10．1．4 Algorithms Description240

10．1．4 算法特点240

10．1．3 系统开发环境240

10．1．2 系统功能240

10．1．5 System Implementation241

10．1．5 系统的实现241

10．2 3D Meteorological Dynamic Image System244

10．2．1 Background244

10．2．2 System Performance244

10．2．2 系统功能244

10．2．1 应用背景244

10．2 三维气象动态图象系统244

10．2．3 Development Environment for System245

10．2．4 算法特点245

10．2．4 Algorithms Description245

10．2．3 系统开发环境245

10．2．5 System Design and Implementation249

10．2．5 系统设计及实现249

References253

参考文献253