《英语教学史》求取 ⇩

1 The early years3

PART ONEPractical language teaching to 18003

2 'Refugiate in a strange country':the refugee language teachers in Elizabethan London12

1 Title-page ofJacques Bellot's English Schoolmaster(1580).15

2 Extract from Jacques Bellot's Familiar Dialogues(1586).17

3Extract from Claudius Holyband's French Littleton(1609 edition)23

3 Towards'The great and common world'32

4 Extract from Joseph Webbe's Children's Talk (1627).36

5 5 Title-page of Comenius's Orbis Pictus (1659).47

7 Extract from Orbis Pictus(1659).48

6Extract from Orbis Pictus(1659).48

4 Guy Miège and the second Huguenot exile52

8 Extract from Guy Miège's English Grammar(1688).56

9Extract from Guy Miège's Nouvelle Méthode pour appren-dre l'Anglois(1685).58

5 The spread of English language teaching in Europe61

10 Map:The spread of English as a foreign language in Europe to 1800.62

11 Selected late-seventeenth and eighteenth century works for the teaching of English as a foreign language.63

12 Title-page of John Miller's The Tutor(1797).69

13 Extract from John Miller's The Tutor(1797).70

14Extract from John Miller's The Tutor ( 1797).71

6 Introduction75

PART TWOOn'fixing'the language75

The work of John Hart,Chester Herald83

7 Two proposals for orthographical reform in the sixteenth century:83

15 First step in John Hart's Method(1570).87

16Second step in John Hart's Method(1570).88

Richard Mulcaster's Elementarie89

Ben Jonson's English Grammar94

8 Early pedagogical grammars of English for foreign learners:94

John Wallis's Grammatica Linguae Anglicanae98

9 'Things,words,and notions'102

17Summary of John Wilkins'Essay(1668).103

Latin Schools and English Schools106

10 The language'fixed':106

Swift's Proposal for a British Academy109

Towards Standard English110

18 Extracts from Johnson's Dictionary of the English Lan-guage(1755)including the famous oats definition,and Webster's American Dictionary of the English Language(from the 1832 London reprint).113

19 Extract from Lowth's Short Introduction to English Grammar(1762).118

20Extract from Lowth's Short Introduction to English Grammar(1762).119

Overview129

PART THREELanguage teaching in the nineteenth century129

Introduction131

11 The grammar-translation method:131

The grammar-translation method and the schools:some Anglo-German contrasts132

The grammar-translation method and adult language teaching:the'practical approach'of Ahn and Ollendorff138

21Lesson 50 of Ollendorff's German course for English speakers(2nd edition 1841).142

12 Individual reformers:147

Overview147

'All is in all':Jean Joseph Jacotot150

The Rational Method of Claude Marcel152

Thomas Prendergast's'Mastery System'156

22'The Labyrinth'from Thomas Prendergast's Mastery of Languages(1864).160

Fran？ois Gouin and the'Series'161

Introduction169

13 The Reform Movement:169

The principles of reform171

The Klinghardt experiment173

The role of phonetics175

The work of Henry Sweet:an applied linguistic approach179

23Henry Sweet(1845-1912).180

14 Natural methods of language teaching from Montaigne to Berlitz192

24Maximilian D.Berlitz(1852-1921).203

15 The teaching of English as a foreign or second language since 1 900:a survey:212

PART FOURThe making of a profession212

SECTION 1 Overview of English language teaching since 1900212

Laying the foundations(1900-1922)213

Research and development(1922-1939)214

Consolidation(1 945-1 960)217

Change and variation since 1960220

SECTION 2 Essays in the history of English language teaching since 1900230

16 Harold E.Palmer:230

Palmer's life and work230

25Harold E.Palmer (1877-1949).231

Palmer's methodology236

Michael West and the New Method245

17 Choosing the right words:245

26West's lexical distribution patterns.248

The Basic issue250

Carnegie and after255

A.S.Hornby and the post-war consensus260

18 Old patterns and new directions:260

27A.S.Hornby (1898-1978).261

The impact of applied linguistics265

The notion of communication273

Epilogue:On rational and natural approaches to language teaching295

A chronology of English language teaching298

Biographical notes305

Appendix:340

28Title-page of Wilhelm Vi？tor's Der Sprachunterricht muss umkehren!343

'Language teaching must start afresh!'A translation of Wilhelm Vi？tor's DerSprachunterricht muss umkehren!343

Bibliography364

Index385