《大学教本 材料力学》求取 ⇩

Elastic,perfectly,partially,完全或部分弹性。1

1．弹性1

第一章 在弹性极限内之拉伸与压缩1

Elasticity,弹性1

Tensile test,拉伸试验。1

2．虎克定律2

Hooke s law,虎克定律。2

Set ,permanent,永久变形。2

modulus of ,——系数。2

in tension and compression,拉伸与压缩之弹性系数。2

Permanent set,永久变形2

Compression,压缩3

Compressive,strain,压缩应变。3

Unit elongation,单位伸长。3

stresses,抗压应力3

Elongation in simple tension,单向拉伸之伸长3

compressive,tensile,抗压——。抗伸——。3

Strain,tensile,compressive,拉伸及压缩应变。3

Stress,应力。3

Proportional limit ,limit of proportionality,比例极限。4

Tensile test diagram,拉伸试验图。4

Limit of proportionality,proportional limit,比例极限4

3．拉伸试验图4

Ultimate strength,最后强度。5

working,资用——5

of ?beam,？形梁之——。5

Working stress,资用应力，工作应力。5

Yielding,屈服。5

Yielding Point,屈点。5

4．资用应力5

Strength,ultimate, 最后强度。5

Factor of safety,安全系数6

Safety factor,安全系数。6

5．垂直杆因本身重量而生之应力及应变10

Equal strength in tension,等抗伸强度13

bar of equal,等强度杆。13

Variable cross section,of tensile burs,变断面之拉杆。13

Uniform strength,in tension,等抗伸强度。13

Indeterminate system,静力不定式。14

6．拉伸与压缩时之静力不定问题14

Statically indeterminate problems in tension and compression,拉伸及压缩时之静力不定问题14

Assembly stresses,装配应力19

7．初应力与热应力19

Initial stresses in tension,拉伸初应力。19

in tension,compression,拉伸及压缩时之热应力。19

thermal,热——20

8．圆环之扩张22

Rings,circular,圆环。22

ring, extension of ,——环之扩张22

rotating,回转——23

ring,rotating,——环，回转23

Cylindrical tubes,thermal stresses in ,圆管内之热应力。24

normal,法線——。27

stresses,合成应力，第二章27

deflection of ,——之挠度，第五章。27

normal stress in ,——内法线应力。27

in tension,拉伸时之剪应力。27

shearing stress in tension,拉伸时之剪。——27

第二章 应力与应变之分析27

9．单向拉伸或紧缩时应力随横断面方向之变更27

Normal stress,法線应力。27

Leuder s line,吕德線28

Mohr,circle,莫尔圆。29

10．应力圆29

stresses represented by Mohr s circle，用莫尔圆表示之合成应力。29

Cylindrical boiler,圆柱形锅炉。31

11．两垂直方向之拉伸或压缩31

Boiler,cylindrical,圆柱形锅炉。31

12．合成应力之应力圆33

combined,合成——。33

principal,主——。35

stresses,主应力。35

13．主应力35

14．单向拉伸时应变之分析38

Lateral contraction,侧向收缩。38

Isotropic materials,均质材料38

Poisson s ratio,波桑比。38

Contraction,lateral,侧向收缩。38

15．两垂直方向受拉伸或压缩时之应变39

under combined stresses,合成应力下之伸长。39

Shear,pure,纯剪。41

shearing,剪应变。41

16．纯剪，抗剪系数41

Pure shear,纯剪41

modulus of ,刚性系数42

Modulus of elasticity,in shear,抗剪弹性系数。42

17．资用抗剪应力44

in rivets,铆钉所受剪力45

Rivet stresses,铆钉内应力。45

18．三互相垂直方向之拉伸或压缩46

Volume change,体积增减。47

of volume,积弹系数。48

Volume modulus of elasticity,积弹系数，48

19．梁之种类50

cantilever,肱——50

Beams,梁 第三，四，五，六，七章。50

第三章 剪力与弯矩50

simply supported at ends,支于两端之——51

moment,——力矩，或弯矩。51

20．弯矩与剪力51

Shearing force in bending,弯曲时之剪力。51

Moment ,bending,弯矩，52

21．弯矩与剪力之关系54

moment diagram,--力矩图。55

diagram,剪力图。55

22．弯矩图与剪力图55

Diagrams of ,bending moment弯矩图55

shearing force,剪力图55

Cantilever beam，肱梁。60

Pure bending,纯弯曲66

pure,纯——。66

第四章 承受横向载荷时梁内应力66

23．纯弯曲66

Radius of curvature,曲率半径。67

surface,中性面。67

Neutral,axis,中性轴。67

Rigidity,flexural,抗挠刚度68

Curvature of beams,梁之曲率。68

longitudinal,纵向——。68

Flexural rigidity,抗挠刚度68

Modulus of section,断面系数69

plane,主平面。70

Thermal stresses ,in bending,弯曲时之热应力72

Cross sections of beams various shapes, 梁之各种？面73

24．梁之各种断面73

Shapes of cross sections of beams,梁之断面形状。73

25．梁受横向载荷时之普遍情形77

shearing stress in bending,弯曲时之剪——。83

Shear in beams,梁内剪力。83

shearing stresses in,——内剪应力83

Shearing stress in beams,梁内剪应力。83

26．梁受弯曲时之剪应力83

of rectangular cross section，矩形梁内之剪应力。86

of circular section,圆梁内之剪应力。88

27．圆梁内剪应力之分布88

of I section,I形梁内之剪应力。89

28．I形梁内之剪应力分布89

stresses in beams,梁内主应力。91

principal stresses in,——内主应力91

principal stress in bending,弯曲时之主——。91

29．梁受弯曲时之主应力91

Trajectories of stresses,应力轨迹。93

of built-up section,合成——95

30．合成梁内之应力95

Built-up beams,合成梁。95

of deflection curve,挠曲線之方程式。101

第五章 梁受横向载荷之挠度101

31． 挠曲線之微分方程式101

D101

Deflection curve,differential equation,挠曲線，之微分方程式101

Deflection of beams,梁之挠度，第五章101

Differential equation of deflection curve,挠曲線之微分方程式101

uniformly louded,均布载荷——。103

32．梁受均布载荷时之弯曲103

33．梁受集中载荷时之挠度106

by using bending moment dingram,用弯矩圆求挠曲線之微分方程式108

34．用弯矩圆求挠度之方法，叠合法108

Principle,of superpostion in bending,计算梁弯曲时之叠合法。108

deflection of ,——之挠度。110

cantilever，肱——。110

35．用面矩法求肱梁之挠度110

36．用面矩法求双支点梁之挠度115

simply supported at ends,支于两端之——。115

I116

Conjugate beam,共轭梁116

Imaginary loading in the theory of bending,弯曲理论中之假想载荷。116

with overhanging ends,外伸——122

37．外伸梁之挠度122

with overhangs,外伸——。122

in a plane inclined to principal plane，不在梁主平面内之——。125

38．不与梁主平面平行各载荷所生之挠度125

effect on deflection,剪力对于挠度之效应。128

deflection due to,因剪力而生之挠度。128

39．剪力对于梁挠度之效应128

due to shearing force,因剪力而生之——。128

第六章 静力不定式横梁之弯曲133

40．多馀拘束133

Built-in ends,插入端。133

Redundant constraint,多馀拘束。134

41．一端插入一端用可动铰链支点之梁135

Statically indeterminate beams,静力不定梁，第六章135

solved by superposition,用重叠法解——135

with built-in ends,两端插入——140

42．两端插入之梁140

with built in ends,两端插入之一140

Frames,？架。143

of frames,?架之——。143

43．间架143

44．三支点梁149

on three supports,三支点——149

Continuous beam,连续梁。152

45．连续梁152

of continuous beams,连续梁之——152

continuous,连续——\152

solved by method of three omments,用三力矩法解——153

Equation of three moments,三力矩方程式。154

Three moment equation,三力矩方程式。154

with the supports not on the same level,各支点不在同一水平线上之——。155

of variable cross sections,双？面——。159

46．双断面梁159

of variable cross section,变晰面——159

of beam,变断面梁。159

第七章 双断面梁，两种材料之合成梁159

in bending,等抗挠强度。159

in bending,等抗挠强度。159

moment diagram modified,修正——力矩图160

of leaf-type,叠钣簧。160

leaf-type,叠板式。160

of two different materials，雨种材料之合成——164

47．两种材料之合成梁164

of bi-metallic strip,双金属片之——。165

Bi-metallic strip,双金属片。165

theory of ,——理论第三，四，五，六，七，八章165

of reinforced concrete,钢筋混凝土——167

Reinforced concrete beam,钢筋混凝土梁。167

48．钢筋混凝土梁167

49．钢筋混凝土梁内之剪应力170

of reinforced concrete,钢筋混凝土梁内之剪应力170

第八章 轴向载荷与弯曲载荷之合成结果：柱之理论172

50．弯曲与轴向压缩或拉伸之合成应力172

Combined,bending and direct stresses,弯曲应力与直接应力之合成，第八章172

Bending and direct stresses,弯曲，与直接应力。172

short,eccentrically loaded,承受偏心载荷之短支柱。175

Thrust on columns,作用于柱之压缩力。175

eccentric,偏心——175

51．短柱之偏心载荷175

Section core,断面核心179

52．断面核心179

Core of a section,断面核心。179

under direct and bending load,受横向及纵向载荷之——。183

53．细长柱之偏心压缩183

Struts,支柱183

Eccentric longitudinal loading,纵向偏心载荷。185

E185

Euler s load,欧拉载荷186

54．临界载荷186

Critical load,临界载荷。186

Columns,柱。第八章190

55．临界应力，柱之设计190

Slenderness ratio,长细比190

56．柱之设计一假定差误法193

design of ,——之设计。193

factor of safety in ,——之安全系数。194

empirical formulas,经验公式195

57．支柱设计之经验公式195

Shafts,of circular cross section,圆轴。198

58．圆轴之扭转198

第九章 扭转，及弯曲与扭转之合成结果198

Circular,Shaft in torsion,圆，轴之扭转。198

Torsion,circular shafts,圆轴之扭转。198

索引200

A200

Angle of twist,扭角200

Torque,扭矩，或转矩。200

hollow,空心轴。203

59．空心轴之扭转203

Hollow shaft,空心轴。203

hollow shafts,空心轴之扭转。203

rectangular shafts,矩形断面之扭转。204

60．矩形横断面204

61．密圈螺旋弹簧205

Torsional rigidity,抗扭刚度。205

torsional,抗扭刚度205

Spring,helical close coiled,密圈螺旋弹簧。205

H205

Helical Spring close coiled,密圈螺旋弹簧。205

Deflection of helical springs,close coiled,密圈螺旋弹簧之挠度207

conical,圆锥形208

conical,圆锥形。208

Conical springs,圆锥形弹簧。208

under bending and twist,承受弯曲与扭转之轴。209

and twist combined,——，与扭转之合成应力209

bending and twist,弯曲与扭转之合成结果209

62．圆轴上弯曲与扭转之合成结果209

combined with bending,扭转与弯曲之合成结果209

stresses in shafts,轴内主应力。210

moment equivalent,相当——力矩。211

in tension,拉伸时之——。214

Energy of strain,应变能，第十章。214

energy in tension,拉伸时之应变能。214

Elastic strain energy,弹性应变能，第十章214

Potential energy of strain,应变能，第十章214

strain energy of ,拉伸及缩压时之应变能。214

63． 拉伸时之弹性应变能214

第十章 应变能214

Modulus of resilience,弹能系数215

Resilience,弹能。215

impact,撞击——。217

Produced by impact,因撞击而生之拉伸及压缩。217

tension produced by,撞击所生之伸长217

Tension and compression,拉伸及压缩，第一章。217

64．撞击所生之伸长217

Reduced mass,？低质量。220

energy in shear,受剪力时之应变能。222

65．受剪力与扭力时之弹性应变能222

in shear,受剪力时之——。222

in torsion，扭转时之——。223

strain energy of ,扭转时之应变能。223

energy in bending,弯曲时之应变能。225

66．弯曲时之弹性应变能225

potential energy of ,——时之应变能。225

in bending,弯曲时之——。225

67．因撞击而生之弯曲229

Impact,bending produced by ,因撞击而生之弯曲229

due to impact,因撞击而生之——。229

68．应变能之普遍方程式233

general expression of ,应变能之普遍方程式。233

69．卡思的义安诺定理235

Castigliano theorem,卡思的义安诺定律。235

deflection of trusses by ,——用于计算桁架之挠度239

of least work,最小功原理。241

Least work,principle of ,最小功原理。244

solution of statically indeterminate problems by ,——用于解答静力不定式问题244

70．解答静力不定式问题时卡氏定理之应用244

Work,principle of last,最小功原理244

solved by principle of least work,用最小功原理解——244

71．互换定理252

Reciprocal theorem,互换定律。252

Influence line,影响線255

72．倒外情形259

Chain Iink,缝隙261

73．绪言261

第十一章 曲杆，应力及挠度261

bending stress in,——内弯曲应力261

Piston ring,活塞涨圈261

74．曲杆内之弯曲应力261

Curved bars,曲杆，曲梁，第十三章。261

75．几种常用断面265

76．断面中心至中性轴距离之直接求法268

77．圆形，椭圆形及圆环形断面269

Hook,吊钩271

78．吊钩之设计271

79．曲梁之挠度273

deflection of ,——之挠度273

deflection of curved bars by,——用于计算曲杆之挠度273

curved ban,曲——273

thin,薄壁——274

thick,厚壁——275

Flat spiral spring,盘簧281

flat spiral,盘簧281

Lap joint,搭接285

L285

第十二章 铆接与焊接285

Riveted joints,铆接，第十二章285

80．铆钉接合之应用及类别285

Plate,cover,main,盖钣，主钣286

Caulking,挤缝，打挣286

Butt Joint,平接286

methods of failure,损坏方式287

81．铆钉接头之损坏方式287

Pitch of rivets,铆钉距287

Repeating section,重复段287

Unit strap,单位条287

Bearing strength,挤压强度289

boiler type,锅炉接294

82．铆钉锅炉接之应力分析294

stress analysis of ,——之应力分析294

83．结构工作中之铆钉结合296

structural type,结构接296

eccentric loads on,承受偏心载时之——，298

W301

84．焊接之种类301

Welded joints焊接，第十二章，301

Welding,焊301

methods of ,焊接方法301

85．焊接之应用303

Cutting torch,割切吹管303

Creep,蠕滑303

86．焊接之强度计算304

strength calculation,强度计算304

Gauge length,标距308

第十三章 工程材料之机械性质308

G308

Properties of muterials,mechanical,材料之机械性质。308

M308

Mechanical properties of materials,材料之机械性质，第十三章308

Duetility,延性308

87．拉伸试验308

Elastic limit,弹性极限309

Yielding strength,屈服强度310

N311

Necking,颈缩311

——test,——试验312

88．压缩试验312

89．应变硬化与残留应力314

Strain hardening,应变硬化314

Residual stress,残留应力315

residual,残留——。315

Hysteresis,滞后现象317

Season crack,季裂317

90．滞后现象317

at high temperature,高温中——319

91．金属在高温中之物理性质319

Distorsion,畸变321

Relaxation test,松弛试验322

92．金属之疲乏322

cycle of ,——循环。323

reversed,换向——323

range of ,——范围。323

Cycle of stress,应力循环323

reversed,换向——。323

Fatigue,of metals,金属之疲乏。323

Endurance limit,持久极限324

Goodman s diagram,古德门图326

93．影响持久极限之各种因素327

of corrosion,锈疲327

94．各种强度学说329

maximum stress,最大应力说329

theories,强度学说。329

maximum strain cnergy,最大应变能说330

maximum strain,最大应变说330

Theory ,maximum shear,最大剪应力说330

95．资用应力334

Inertin,moment of ,转动惯量。附录一339

of inertia,转动惯量。附录一。339

1．平面面积对于该平面内某轴之转动惯量339

附录一 平面面积之转动惯量339

Radius of gyration,回转半径。340

2．平面面积之极转动惯量341

Polar moment of inertia,极转动惯量。341

3．轴之迁移343

Principal,axes of inertia,惯性主轴344

4．惯量积，主轴344

Product of inertia,惯量积。344

5．轴向之变换346

Ellipse of inertia,惯性椭圆347

concentration,——集中现象。附录二，349

附录二 应力集中现象349

1．绪论349

2．有圆孔矩形钣承受拉伸或压缩时之应力集中350

3．其他拉伸试件中之应力集中351

4．试件承受扭转时之应力集中353

5．试件承受弯曲时之应力集中354

附录三 关于应力与应力圆之校详尽的讨论357

1．与各坐标轴平行之各分应力357

2．应力主轴359

3．T1，T2均为零时之应力主轴359

axes of stress,应力主轴359

4．任一斜面上之合成应力与坐标轴平行之分应力361

Direction cosine,方向馀弦361

5．三对剪应力均不为零时之应力主轴362

6．已知物体内一点之主应力求该点任一斜面上之各应力。应力椭球363

Ellipsoid of stress,应力椭球364

7．与两个主应力互相倾斜之平面上之应力364

8．已知垂直于旧轴各平面上之应力求垂直于新轴各平面上之应力366

9．已知某点之主应力求经过该点任一斜面上之应力366

附录四 计算直梁之斜度及挠度常用方程式简表366

sphere,莫尔球369