《Table 1 Expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha and variants in various disease states》

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《Role of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha in gastrointestinal and liver diseases》

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HNF4αperturbations in disease states have been most extensively investigated in the context of liver disease.Most of the major liver diseases have been associated with altered HNF4αexpression，isoform ratios，and localization，including inflammation，alcoholic liver disease，non-alcoholic fatty liver disease，fibrosis and cirrhosis，viral hepatitis，and the hepatocellular carcinoma（Table 1）.Most commonly，HNF4αexpression at the protein and transcript levels is decreased across liver diseases，an observation substantiated by human，animal model，and cell culture-based studies in many cases（Table 2）.Altered expression of HNF4αin response to relatively nonspecific stimuli，such as inflammation[14]and injury-induced acute phase response[15]，as well as in a remarkable spectrum of disease suggests centrality of HNF4αin response to most modes of hepatocyte injury and stress resulting in de-differetion state of liver function（Table 1，Figure 1）[16].There is，therefore，a critical need to understand the role of HNF4αin the molecular epidemiology of the de-differentiation state of liver function across these liver diseases for the potential restoration of normal liver function.