《Table 2 Summary of penetration pressure as a function of age hardening》

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《Modified Rammsonde tests in layered compacted snow》

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However，the results of Table 2 reveal that the penetration pressure of the 168-h-old snow is slightly lower than that of the 120-h-old snow.This may be caused by the non-uniform conditions under which some of the tests were conducted，such as diurnal temperature fluctuations which may lead to temperature gradients within the wooden boxes.The strength is also dependent on the overall snow temperature；usually the warmer the snowpack，the weaker it becomes，and vice versa（Schweizer et al.，2003）.Additionally，while sintering near the melting point occurs rapidly and the results in rapid snow strength increase（Ramseier，1967），below–4℃sintering occurs significantly more slowly（Abele and Frankenstein，1967）.Although there are no continuous temperature observations，available temperature data show that the temperature during tests73–74 was higher than that during tests 71–72.We assume that the sintering speeds were slow and with only small fluctuations as the temperatures were near-20℃and did not change much.In addition，the study by Gow and Ramseier（1964）shows that temperature changes，temperature gradients and solar radiation all have important effects on snow metamorphosis.The effects of these variables and of variable degrees of compaction on the age-hardening properties of snow in long time sequences merit further laboratory study.Overall，the results to date suggest that optimum strengthening would be obtained with time and that the cone penetrometer is a useful and convenient instrument for monitoring the age hardening process of snow.