《Table 2.Ductility, strength, hardness, and hardness-to-strength ratio as functions of different col

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《"Effect of cold rolling on the microstructural, magnetic, mechanical, and corrosion properties of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel"》

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Fig.4 shows the engineering stress–strain curves of as-received and various cold-worked samples.Several important mechanical properties of metals，including their yield strength，tensile strength，and ductility（as the percentage of elongation），can be determined from stress–strain curves.Table 2 presents such room-temperature data.According to Fig.4，with increasing percentage of cold working，the yield and tensile strengths increase，whereas ductility decreases.The increase of strength due to cold rolling is attributed to several factors，the most important of which is the dislocation multiplication or the formation of new dislocations，which can lead to a substantial increase in the imposed force necessary for the plastic deformation called strain hardening，resulting in alloy strengthening[29].Notably，the dislocation density for an annealed metal is approximately 106 to 108 dislocations per cm2，whereas this density can increase to 1012 dislocations per cm2 for a plastically cold-worked metal[29].In addition to dislocation density，the mechanically induced martensite phase and residual stress due to the cold-working process can also contribute to the strengthening of the cold-rolled austenitic stainless steels[30-31].