《Table 2 Comparison of parameterization schemes of some global hydrological models (Haddeland et al.

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《陆面水文—气候耦合模拟研究进展（英文）》

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R:rainfall rate，S:snowfall rate，P:precipitation rate（rain and snow calculated in the model），T:air temperature，W:wind speed，Q:air specific humidity，LW:down welling long wave radiation；Lawn:net long wave radiation；SW:down welling shortwave radiation，

To estimate global and regional water resources more accurately，large-scale hydrological models based on watershed hydrological model frameworks have been developed in the past decade（Bierkens，2015；Sood and Smakhtin，2015）and have become one of the most important branches of climate change research（Yong et al.，2006）.Based on distributed hydrological models，researchers have extended hydrological simulation from the watershed scale to the continental scale or global scale by improving the grid scale（Liu et al.，2003；Notter et al.，2007）.Large-scale hydrological models are mostly based on conceptual or semi-distributed models and are primarily used to simulate runoff processes in large watersheds and to assess the impacts of climate change on hydrological situations.Table 2 lists some commonly used large-scale hydrological models，including MACRO-PDM（Arnell，1999）and PCR-GLOBWB（Bergstrom and Graham，1998；van Beek et al.，2011）.These models simulate runoff based on the outputs of climate models，which allows the effects of climate change on water resources to be assessed in large-scale basins.However，these models are usually applied to the simulation of rainfall-runoff and the calculation of water budgets；they do not consider energy balance and cannot fully describe the water and energy exchange processes of land-atmosphere interfaces（Su and Hao，2001）.