《Table 1Experimental results of WPS-LS》

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《Hybrid Optimization Algorithm Based on Wolf Pack Search and Local Search for Solving Traveling Salesman Problem》

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Twelve instances are selected from TSPLIB for the experiment，as shown in Fig.1.The platform adopted to develop the WPS-LS approach is a computer with the following features:Intel Core2 2.8 GHz CPU，2.0 G RAM，a Windows 8 operating system，and MatlabR2013a development environment.Table 1 summarizes the results obtained by WPS-LS for TSP and each test problem runs 20 times independently.In Table 1，BKS is the optimal solution in TSPLIB，SD is standard deviation，and error denotes the ratio of average BKS to BKS.