《Table 1–Microbial species richness and diversity indices in UBAF-only and ICME–UBAF coupled (C-UBAF

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《Enhanced removal of organic matter and typical disinfection byproduct precursors in combined iron–carbon micro electrolysis-UBAF process for drinking water pre-treatment》

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16S rRNA sequencing was employed in order to determine the richness and diversity of bacterial communities in the two systems.These sequences were subsequently clustered into operational taxonomic units（OTUs）.OTUs refer to clusters of（uncultivated or unknown）organisms，grouped by DNA sequence similarity of a specific taxonomic marker gene such as 16S rRNA（Revetta et al.，2010）.Results suggested that the OTUs captured around 98%of species of all the samples，and therefore they were representative enough for the analysis.The ACE index and Chao1 index are quantitatively estimated to reflect the richness of microbial species larger ACE and Chao1 indexes correspond to higher richness of species in a bacterial community.The Shannon index as well as the Simpson index，is a quantitative measure reflecting the diversity of microbial species:higher Shannon index and lower Simpson index mean higher community diversity（Zhao et al.，2016）.According to Table 1，the Shannon index of ICME–UBAF was higher and the Simpson index was lower than that of the UBAF alone，indicating the higher diversity of microbial species in ICME–UBAF.The higher Chao1 index and higher ACE index indicated that the ICME–UBAF had higher richness of microbial species.The above results showed that the richness and diversity of the microbial community increased in the combined ICME–UBAF due tothe changes in the physicochemical properties of the feed water.