《Table 4.Extreme events for ENSO, QBO and solar cycle during 1979–2010》

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《"Evaluating the Brewer–Dobson circulation and its responses to ENSO, QBO, and the solar cycle in different reanalyses"》

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We quantify the BDC diagnosed from the ten available reanalyses listed in Table 1，including CFSR（Saha et al.，2010），ERA40（Uppala et al.，2005），ERAIN（Dee et al.，2011），JRA25（Onogi et al.，2007）JRA55（Ebita et al.，2010），MERRA（Rienecker et al.，2011），NCEP1（Kalnay et al.，1996），NCEP2（Kanamitsu et al.，2002），ECMWF’s20CR（Hersbach et al.，2015），and NOAA’s 20CR（Compo et al.，2011）.See Table 1 for their full names and refer to the SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project for more details（Fujiwara et al.，2017）.Most reanalyses，including ERA40，ERAIN，JRA25，NCEP1，NCEP2，and 20CR-NOAA have been used to assess the polar vortex oscillation events in Rao J et al.（2015）.In this study，CFSR，JRA55，MERRA，and 20CR-ECMWF are also included to make a relatively more comprehensive comparison between BDCs in ten datasets.More information about the spatial resolution，vertical level number，and references are provided in Table 1.We also use the Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature（SST）dataset（Rayner et al.，2003）to select ENSO events.The CESM1-WACCM is a fully coupled earth system model with a stratosphere-solving atmosphere，which has been widely used to study the atmospheric response to SST forcing（Xie F et al.，2012；Ren RC et al.，2017；Rao J and Ren RC，2018）.The CESM1-WACCM historical free-running simulation was performed with all observed forcings from 1850 to 2005.The model includes interactive chemistry，ocean，land，and sea ice.The observed forcings include changes in surface concentrations of radiatively active species，daily solar spectral irradiance，volcanic sulfate heating，and the QBO（Marsh et al.，2013）.The daily outputs of the historical run by CESM1-WACCM are diagnosed.