《Table 1Characteristics of the 14 trials included in the meta-analysis.》

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《Effect of probiotic treatment on cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A meta-analysis》

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*Age expressed as mean±SD.**3 patients were subsequently excluded because of inability to comply with serial neurophysiological testing.MHE:minimal hepatic encephalopathy；HCV:hepatitis C virus；PSC:primary sclerosing cholangitis；AIH:autoimmune hepatitis；PB

Fourteen randomized controlled trials（combined n=1132）were included in this meta-analysis[5–9，12，15–22].The characteristics of 14 trials are summarized in Table 1.Seven trials（n=326）compared probiotic treatment with placebo or no treatment[5，6，12，15，20–22]；three（n=276）compared the therapeutic effect of probiotics and lactulose[7，18，19]；and four（n=530）compared probiotics with both placebo and lactulose[8，9，16，17].Each trial used different probiotics and doses（Table 2）.All trials had a high risk of bias（Fig.2）.However，the small number of the included trials limited the publication bias analysis.Hence，we only assessed groups that included five trails or more（Fig.3）.