《Table 2 Trace element concentrations (ppm) for silts and mud of the Chengqiang section》

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《"Tectonically-controlled Evolution of the Late Cenozoic Nihewan Basin, North China Craton: Constraints from Stratigraphy, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry"》

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The REE and Eu of sedimentary rocks are the most reliable indicators of provenance（Bhatia，1985；Taylor and Mc Lennan，1985；Mc Lennan，1989）because their elemental distributions are strongly affected by sedimentary processes，diagenesis，and metamorphism（Bhatia and Crook，1986；Mc Lennan and Taylor，1991；Condie，1993）.The significant LREE enrichment and flat HREE patterns of the clastics in the Chengqiang section（Table 3 and Fig.7d）suggest that the sources rocks were chiefly felsic，and the distinctive negative Eu anomaly is evidence for a differentiated source，similar to granite or rhyolite.The Eu anomalies in all samples（0.61–0.68，average 0.65；Table 3）are similar to the average value of0.65 for craton-derived PAAS（Fig.7d）.