《Appendix 1 Data matrix of Anchiornis based on 41HIII 0404 and 41HIII 0415》

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《"Morphological and Phylogenetic Study Based on New Materials of Anchiornis huxleyi(Dinosauria, Theropoda) from Jianchang, Western Liaoning, China"》

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Four Paraves，Anchiornis，Xiaotingia，Aurornis and Eosinopteryx，which are four small non-avian dinosaurs that have been found in a similar location，have close relationship.Most of their characters are quite similar，indicated by some bone length ratios（Table 3）.Previous articles allocated them into different clades，like Troodontidae，at the base of Avialae，or forming a single group in Deinonychosauria，because they share characters with the Dromaeosauridae，Troodontidae and basal birds（Hu et al.，2009；Xu Xing et al.，2009；Xu et al.，2011a；Pascal et al.，2013a；Pascal et al.，2013b）.Here we coded Anchiornis based on the character list synthesised 41HIII0404 and 41HIII 0415，into a recently published phylogenetic analysis of basal Paraves，replacing the character list of Anchiornis in that paper（Pascal et al.，2013a）（Appendix 1） .The data matrix，using Dilophosaurus，Dubreuillosaurus，Monolophosaurus and Sinraptor as outgroups，was analysed by TNT（Goloboff et al.，2008）.A total of 1500 characters and 100 taxa were included in this research（Sinovenator was excluded because of the wrong code list in that article），using the traditional research of 1000 replicates.The 650 most parsimonious trees were found to build a strict consensus tree（tree length=4581，consistency index=0.310 and retention index=0.563）（Fig.7） .Our results place Anchiornis，Xiaotingia，Aurornis，Archaeopteryx，Eosinopteryx and part of Troodontidae at the base of Avialae.Other Troodontidae were placed as a sister group with Avialae.That means that the currently defined Troodontidae may not be a monophyletic group and it has a closer relationship with Avialae than with Dromaeosauridae.Yanliao Biota members，including Anchiornis，Xiaotingia，Aurornis，Eosinopteryx and Scansoriopterygidae being composed of Epidendrosaurus and Epidexipteryx，have the closest relationship with Aves，indicating that the Avialae had a rapid evolution during the Middle–Late Jurassic period.