《Table 2 Measurements (in mm) of the centrum length of the caudal vertebrae of 41HIII 0404》

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《"Morphological and Phylogenetic Study Based on New Materials of Anchiornis huxleyi(Dinosauria, Theropoda) from Jianchang, Western Liaoning, China"》

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Note:Abbreviation:cv，caudal vertebrae.

Most of centra and ribs are preserved in 41HIII 0404，the anterior cervical and dorsal vertebrae are missing and sacral vertebrae are unrecognizable due to poor preservation.Except for the atlas，the other nine cervical vertebrae can be clearly distinguished in 41HIII 0415，but the rest of the axial skeleton is incomplete.The centrum length in a cervical series decreases slightly posteriorly.The prezygapophysis is relatively robust.The diapophyses in the cervical vertebra are developed and semi-circular in a lateral view.The length of rhe cervical rib is slightly longer than the corresponding centrum，different from Aurornis（Pascal et al.，2013a）.The shaft of the cervical rib is nearly parallel to that of the centrum.The height of the neural arch is about twice that of the centrum.The neural spine points posterodorsally，but it is not distally expanded.Diapophyses are obvious but parapophyses are not.The centrum length is twice the height and shortens posteriorly.No distinct pneumaticfossa can be observed.The dorsal ribs contain a relatively slender capitulum and short tuberculum.The fourth ribs are the longest at 59%of the femur，while the eighth dorsal ribs are the shortest，at30%of the femur.There is no uncinate process on the ribs，different from that of Microraptor zhaoianus（Xu et al.，2000）and S.haoiana（Liu Jinyuan et al.，2004）.The gastralia are preserved in pairs.The length of the longest gastralia is at 36%of the femur and the shortest is at 11%.The caudal count is about 28 based on the complete preservation of 41HIII 0404（Fig.5a），like Tianyuraptorostromi（Zheng et al.，2009），which is more than 24 or 25in Microraptor（Xu et al.，2000，2003），23 in Jinfengopteryx elegans（Ji Qiang et al.，2005）and 22 in Changyuraptor（Han et al.，2014）.The total length of the tail is about four times that of the trunk and about 4.4times that of femur，as seen in Tianyuraptor（Zheng et al.，2009），which is comparatively shorter than Epidendrosaurus（Zhang et al.，2002）but obviously longer than Mei（Xu and Norell，2004）and Eosinopteryx（Pascal et al.，2013b）.The eight anterior caudals are elongated posteriorly and the 10 posterior ones are shortened posteriorly.The transitional point is probably located at the sixth to eighth vertebrae（Table 2）.Transverse processes can be seen in the anterior caudal vertebrae，as in the holotype（Xu Xing et al.，2009）.But notably，the transverse process of the first vertebra is directed posteriorly where the others are directed laterally.The prezygapophysis of the vertebrae get longer posteriorly，indicated by the length of the anterior prezygapophysis that is about one fourth of the corresponding centrum and the posterior prezygapophysis that is about half of the corresponding centrum.The postzygapophysis length is slightly shorter than the corresponding prezygapophysis，which is about one third that of the corresponding centrum at the end of the tail.These prezygapophysis and postzygapophysis characters are very different from dromaeosaurids，like Bambiraptor（Burnham et al.，2000），Microraptor（Xu et al.，2000，2003），S.haoiana（Liu Jinyuan et al.，2004），Graciliraptor（Xu Xing and Wang Xiaolin，2004a），Linheraptor（Xu et al.，2010）and Buitreraptor（Makovicky et al.，2005）.A distinct groove appears on the lateral surface of the middle and posterior vertebrae，consistent with LPM-B00169（Hu et al.，2009）and Eosinopteryx（Pascal et al.，2013b）.The length of the middle caudal vertebrae is about twice that of the caudal vertebrae at the end，similar to Tianyuraptor（Zheng et al.，2009），at 2.1 times longer than the anterior vertebrae，as in Sinusonasus（Xu Xing and Wang Xiaolin，2004b）and Xiaotingia（Xu et al.，2011a），but greater than Linheraptor（Xu et al.，2010）and the holotype specimen of Anchiornis（Xu Xing et al.，2009）.Chevrons shafts are parallel to the centrum.Chevrons are only posteriorly extended and anteriorly bifurcated，which is similar to that of the holotype（Xu Xing et al.，2009）but different from Graciliraptor（Xu Xing and Wang Xiaolin，2004a），Buitreraptor（Makovicky et al.，2005），Jinfengopteryx（Ji Qiang et al.，2005）and Sinusonasus（Xu Xing and Wang Xiaolin，2004b）.Each chevron tapers distally.The length of anterior chevrons is about half that of the relative centrum and shortens posteriorly.