《Table 5–Correlation between wheat yield and soil properties.》

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《Long-term inorganic plus organic fertilization increases yield and yield stability of winter wheat》

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Distinct yield dynamic changes were found under different fertilization regimes（Fig.3）.Wheat yield with no fertilizer（CK）declined slightly（P>0.05）and remained at the lowest level，though new wheat cultivars with higher yield performance than old cultivars were introduced[36，37].The slight yield depression in non-fertilized plots was probably associated with depletion of available nutrients[34]，as available potassium concentration in our results（Fig.7e），and an accompanying imbalance of nutrients needed for wheat growth[5].Also，climate change may have exerted adverse impacts on yield[38].In contrast，yields increased substantially in fertilized plots，with the annual yield growth（slope）ranging from 95.31 kg ha-1for HNPKO to 138.65 kg ha-1for O.Longterm fertilization led to increased soil organic matter and improved nutrient availability over time（Fig.7），also contributing to increased wheat growth and development.This conclusion is supported by the significant and positive correlations between yield and soil properties（Table 5）.Notably，a high application rate of inorganic plus organic fertilizer（HNPKO）was disadvantageous to yield growth rate despite its high mean yield performance（Fig.1）.Zhang et al.[33]also found that high application rate of manure only or of total N fertilizer reduced the mean annual change of wheat yield over time in long-term experiments in North China.In the present study，O displayed a greater yield growth rate despite a lower mean yield than other fertilization regimes（Fig.3），implying that O had the most potential to enhance wheat yield.Likewise，Cai and Qin[39]and Yan and Gong[40]found that wheat yield under solely organic amendment displayed a higher increasing trend than solely inorganic additionandcombinationofinorganicandorganic application.