《英汉比较语音学》

1.Introduction1

1.1Why and How to Study English Phontics1

1.The Organs of Speed6

1.2Organs of Speech6

1.3 Vowels and Consonants and Their Classification8

1.4 Phonetic Transcription and the IPA12

1.5 Received Pronunciation and General British(GB)13

1.6 Putonghua(the Common Speech)and the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet14

Tables17

1.A Brief Summary of the Findals＆Initials17

2.The Chinese Phonetic Alphabet18

3.Putonshua Speeal Sounds in the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet(CPA)Internetional Phonetic Alphabet(IPA)19

1.7A General Survey of English and Chinese Phonetic Systems20

2.English Phonemes24

2.1Nature and Classification of Monophthongs24

2.Tongue Position of the English Pure Vowels25

2.2The Front Vowels＆the Plosives26

4.Lip Position of/i:,i,e,？/27

3.Tongue Position of/i:,i,e,？/27

5.Tongue Position of the Chinese[i]and the English/i:/28

6.Tongue Position of/e/30

7.Tongue Position of/？/31

8.Bialbial,Alveolar,Velar Plosives32

9.Tongue Position of/α:,？,？:,u,u:/37

2.3Back Vowels37

10.Tongue and Lip Position of/α:/38

11.Tongue Position of the Chinese(α)and the English/α:/39

12.Tomgue and Lip Position of / ？/40

14.Tongue Position of the English/？:/and the Chinese[o]41

13.Tongue and Lip Position of/？:/41

15.Tongue and Lip Position of/u/42

17.Comparison of the Tongue Position of/u:/and/u/43

16.Tongue and Lip Position of/u:/43

18.Tongue Position of the Chinese[u]and the English/z:,u/44

2.4Central Vowels and Fricatives46

19.Tongue and Lip Positon of/Λ/47

20.Comparison of the Enghish/Λ/and the Chinese[A]47

21.Tongue and Lip Position of/？:/48

22.Comparison of the Tongue Position of the Chinese[？][o]and the English/？:/49

23.Tongue Position of/？/and/？:/50

4.Place of Articulation51

24.Tongue and Lip Positions of the English Dental,Alveolar,and Palato-alveolar Fricatives51

2.5Nature and Classification of Diphthongs59

2.6 The Closing Diphthongs＆the Fricatives/∫,？/60

25.The Closing Diphthongs61

26.Different Tongue Positons of the Chinese(sh)[？]and the English/∫/65

2.7Centring Diphthongs＆Affricates68

27.The Centring Diphthongs/i？,？,u？/69

28.Comparison of the Tongue Positon of the Chinese(zh,ch)[t？,t？']and the English/t∫,d3/72

2.8Summary of Vowels/Semi-vowels/Lateral/Nasals77

29.The Tongue Positions of the English Monoph-thongs Compared with those of Chinese Monophthongs77

30.The Tongue Glide of the English Diphthonps78

5.The English RP Vowels78

31.English Vowel Formation79

6.The Chinese Vowels80

32.Comparison of the Tongue Position of Clear/1/and Dark/1/82

33.Tongue Position of the English/n/and/η/84

2.9Consonants/r/,/tr/and/dr/88

34.Positions of Speech Organs for English Consonants91

7.English＆Chinese Consonant Phonemes92

2.10Consonant Clusters95

3.1 Assimilation107

3.Variations of Sounds in Connected speech107

3.2Elision111

3.3 Liaison114

3.4 Weakening117

8.A list of Strong and Weak Forms123

4.1 The Nature of English Stress133

4.Stress in the English Language133

4.2Degrees of English Stress134

4.3 Word Stress136

4.4 Variation of the Word's Accentual Pattern:Stress Shift163

4.5 Chinese Word Stress Features171

35.Pitch Contour of the 4 Tones in Chinese173

9.16 Normal Tone Combinations of Two Syllable Words in Putonghua(Standard Chinese)177

10.Pitch Patterns of the Neutral Tone181

4.6Utterance Stress183

5.1 English Rhythm224

5.Rhythm224

5.2The Rhythmic Unit226

5.3 The Delivery of Rhythmic Units228

5.4 Variation in Rhythmicity240

5.5 Rhythm in Chinese Language241

5.6 Concluding Remarks about Rhythm244

5.7 Problems with Chinese Students of English in Stressing and Rhythm245

5.8 Stress,Rhythm and Intonation246

6.1 Intonation and Tone249

6.English Intonation:Its Form and Function249

6.2Basic Types of English Tone as Compared With Those of Chinese251

6.3 Tone Language as Compared With Intonation Language260

6.4 Implications and Uses of Basic English Tones261

6.5 The Tone-unit(or Tune)276

6.6 Functions of Intonation295

Key to Exercises320

Bibliography326