《肺脏病学》

Part One PERSPECTIVES1

CHAPTER 1 Milestones in the History of Pulmonary MedicineAlfred P. Fishman3

Part Two SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF LUNG FUNCTION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE19

Section 1 Architecture for Normal Lung FunctionCHAPTER 2 Functional Design of the Human Lung for Gas ExchangeEwald R.Weibel/C.Richard Taylor21

CHAPTER 3 The Respiratory MusclesMarc Decramer63

CHAPTER 4 Cellular Mechanisms of Lung DevelopmentJesse Roman73

CHAPTER 5 Development and Growth of the LungPeter H.Burri91

CHAPTER 6 Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Airway Smooth Muscle Physiology and PharmacologyReynold A.Panettieri,Jr./Michael I.Kotlikoff107

CHAPTER 7 Surfactant and Associated ProteinsJeffrey A.Whitsett/Ann D.Horowitz119

CHAPTER 8 Transport Function of Airway Epithelia and Submucosal GlandsPaul-B.McCray,Jr./Michael J.Welsh129

CHAPTER 9 Nonrespiratory Functions of the LungsUna S.Ryan/Sarvas C.Makrides139

Section 2 Physiological Principles of Normal Lung FunctionCHAPTER 10 Pulmonary MechanicsMurray D.Altose149

CHAPTER 11 Control of VentilationNeil S.Cherniack,Allan I.Pack163

CHAPTER 12 Ventilation,Pulmonary Blood Flow,and Ventilation-Perfusion RelationshipsPeter D.Wagner177

CHAPTER 13 Diffusion,Chemical Reactions Involving Respiratory Gases,and Diffusing CapacityRobert A.Klocke193

CHAPTER 14 Blood-Gas TransportMichael P.Hlastala,Erik R.Swenson203

CHAPTER 15 Acid-Base BalanceStanley Goldfarb,Kumar Sharma207

Section 3 The Lungs in Different Physiological StatesCHAPTER 16 Exercise,Integration,and AdaptationAlfred P.Fishman221

CHAPTER 17 Breathing during ExerciseBrian J.Whipp229

CHAPTER 18 The Lungs in PregnancyJohn Popovich,Jr.243

CHAPTER 19 Aging of the Respiratory SystemRobert O.Crapo/Edward J.Campbell251

Section 4 Lung ImmunologyCHAPTER 20 Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms against InfectionsHerbert Y.Reynolds/Jack A.Elias265

CHAPTER 21 Lymphocyte-and Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in the LungJeffrey S.Berman/David M.Center275

CHAPTER 22 Mast Cells and EosinophilsEdward S.Schulnan/Donald G.Raible289

CHAPTER 23 Antibody-Mediated Lung Defenses and Humoral ImmunodeficiencyDavid N.Weissman/Kenneth S.Landreth/Nevin W.Wilson303

Section 5 Lung Injury and RepairCHAPTER 24 Cytokines and Chemokines in Lung Inflammation and InjurySteven L.Kunkel/Robert M.Strieter315

CHAPTER 25 Leukocyte Accumulation in the LungG.Scott Worthen/Jerry A.Nick325

CHAPTER 26 Nitric Oxide and Lung InjuryImad Y.Haddad/Bruce R.Pitt/Sadis Matalon337

CHAPTER 27 The Pathogenesis of Pulmonary FibrosisPeter D.Bitterman/Christine H.Wendt347

Part Three SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE359

Section 6 Clinical Approach to the PatientCHAPTER 28 Approach to the Patient with Respiratory SymptomsAlfred P.Fishman361

CHAPTER 29 Pulmonary Cutaneous DisordersBrian V.Jegasothy395

CHAPTER 30 Pulmonary-Systemic InteractionsAlfred P.Fishman417

Section 7 Diagnostic ProceduresCHAPTER 31 Principles of Effective CarePeter G.Tuteur429

CHAPTER 32 Radiographic Evaluation of the Chest Wallace T.Miller433

CHAPTER 33 Pulmonary CytopathologyPrabodh K.Gupta487

CHAPTER 34 Angiographic Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Pulmonary DiseaseVincent G.McDermott/Cynthia S.Payne/Tony P.Smith505

CHAPTER 35 Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary DiseaseAbass Alavi/Daniel Worsley517

CHAPTER 36 Pulmonary Function TestingMichael A.Grippi/Louis F.Metzger/Ann V.Sacks/Alfred P.Fishman533

CHAPTER 37 Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise TestingKarl T.Weber575

CHAPTER 38 Bronchoscopy,Transthoracic Needle Aspiration,and Related ProceduresMichael Unger/Daniel H.Sterman589

CHAPTER 39 ThoracoscopyLarry R. Kaiser607

CHAPTER 40 Perioperative Respiratory Considerations in the Surgical PatientHorace M.DeLisser/Michael A.Grippi619

CHAPTER 41 Impairment and Disability Evaluation in Lung DiseasePaul E.Epstein631

Part Four OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES643

Section 8 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseCHAPTER 42 Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease:OverviewAlfred P.Fishman645

CHAPTER 43 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease:Epidemiology,Pathophysiology,and PathogenesisRobert M.Senior/Steven D.Shapiro659

CHAPTER 44 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease:Clinical Course and ManagementRonald B.George/Gerardo S.San Pedro683

CHAPTER 45 Cigarette Smoking and DiseaseStephen I.Rennard/David M.Daughton697

CHAPTER 46 Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other Respiratory DisordersAndrew L.Ries709

Section 9 AsthmaCHAPTER 47 The Biology of AsthmaWilliam W.Busse/David E.Parry721

CHAPTER 48 Asthma:EpidemiologyScott T.Weiss735

CHAPTER 49 Aspirin-and Exercise-Induced AsthmaGregory P.Geba745

CHAPTER 50 Asthma:Clinical Presentation and ManagementJames E.Fish/Stephen P.Peters757

CHAPTER 51 Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Hypersensitivity Reactions to FungiRoy Patterson777

Section 10 Other Obstructive DisordersCHAPTER 52 Upper Airway ObstructionSidney S.Braman/Henning A.Gaissert783

CHAPTER 53 Cystic FibrosisCynthia Robinson/Thomas F.Scanlin803

CHAPTER 54 BronchiolitisTalmadge E.King,Jr.825

CHAPTER 55 Bullous Diseases of the LungsDavid M.Murphy/Alfred P.Fishman849

Part Five OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS865

Section 11 Occupational DisordersCHAPTER 56 Occupational Lung Disorders:General Principles and ApproachesCarrie A.Redlich867

CHAPTER 57 Asbestos-Related Lung DiseaseWilliam N.Rom877

CHAPTER 58 Chronic Beryllium and Hard-Metal Lung DiseaseMilton D.Rossman/Jeffrey D.Edelman893

CHAPTER 59 Coal Workers' Lung Diseases and SilicosisJohn E.Parker/Edward L.Petsonk901

CHAPTER 60 Occupational Asthma,Byssinosis,and Industrial BronchitisJ.Allen D.Cooper,Jr.915

CHAPTER 61 Toxic InhalationsDavid A.Schwartz/Christine A.Blaski925

Section 12 Environmental DisordersCHAPTER 62 Indoor and Outdoor Air PollutionJonathan M.Samet/Mark J.Utell941

CHAPTER 63 Pulmonary Adaptation and Clinical Disorders Related to High AltitudeSukhamay Lahiri/James S.Milledge965

CHAPTER 64 Diving Injuries and Air EmbolismJames M.Clark979

CHAPTER 65 Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke InhalationJacob S.Loke989

Part Six DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES1001

CHAPTER 66 Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherapeutic AgentsLynn T.Tanoue1003

CHAPTER 67 Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic AgentsRalph J.Zitnik1017

Part Seven INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES1035

Section 13 Immunologic and Interstitial DiseasesCHAPTER 68 Interstitial Lung Disease:A Clinical Overview and General ApproachGanesh Raghu1037

CHAPTER 69 Systemic SarcoidosisDavid R.Moller1055

CHAPTER 70 Idiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisJoseph P.Lynch Ⅲ/Galen B.Toews1069

CHAPTER 71 Hypersensitivity PneumonitisMark R.Schuyler1085

CHAPTER 72 Radiation PneumonitisSara Rockwell/Kenneth B.Roberts1099

CHAPTER 73 Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular DiseasesMarvin I.Schwarz1115

CHAPTER 74 The Eosinophilic PneumoniasCarolyn L.Rochester1133

Section 14 Depositional and Infiltrative DisordersCHAPTER 75 Depositional Diseases of the LungsRichard H.Ochs/Alfred P.Fishman1151

CHAPTER 76 Pulmonary Histiocytosis XTalmadge E.King,Jr./Robert S.Crausman1163

CHAPTER 77 Pulmonary LymphangioleiomyomatosisTalmadge E.King,Jr./Robert S.Crausman1171

CHAPTER 78 The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of MetabolismMasazumi Adachi1179

Part Eight ALVEOLAR DISEASES1191

CHAPTER 79 Alveolar Hemorrhage SyndromesJoseph P.Lynch Ⅲ/James W.Leatherman1193

CHAPTER 80 Mechanisms of Aspiration DisordersKeith M.Robinson/Richard D.Zorowitz1211

CHAPTER 81 Pulmonary Alveolar ProteinosisAnders Persson1225

Part Nine DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION1231

CHAPTER 82 The Pulmonary CirculationAlfred P.Fishman1233

CHAPTER 83 Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor PulmonaleAlfred P.Fishman1261

CHAPTER 84 Pulmonary Thromboembolic DiseaseHarold I.Palevsky/Mark A.Kelley/Alfred P.Fishman1297

CHAPTER 85 Pulmonary EdemaDaniel P.Schuster1331

CHAPTER 86 Pulmonary VasculitisRichard A. DeRemee1357

CHAPTER 87 Pulmonary Arteriovenous MalformationsDaniel M.Goodenberger1375

Part Ten DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE1387

CHAPTER 88 Pleural Fluid Dynamics and EffusionsGary T.Kinasewitz1389

CHAPTER 89 Nonmalignant Pleural EffusionsRichard H.Winterbauer1411

CHAPTER 90 Malignant Pleural EffusionsSteven A.Sahn1429

CHAPTER 91 PneumothoraxJay I.Peters/Edward Y.Sako1439

CHAPTER 92 Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural TumorsSteven M.Albelda/Daniel H.Sterman/Leslie A.Litzky1453

Part Eleven DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM1467

CHAPTER 93 The Mediastinum:Overview,Anatomy,and Diagnostic ApproachJoe B.Putnam,Jr.1469

CHAPTER 94 Nonneoplastic Disorders of the MediastinumCameron D.Wright1485

CHAPTER 95 Congenital Cysts of the Mediastinum:Bronchopulmonary Foregut AnomaliesMalcolm M.DeCamp,Jr.1499

CHAPTER 96 Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum:Benign and MalignantJohn R.Roberts/Larry R.Kaiser1509

Part Twelve DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL,DIAPHRAGM,AND SPINE1539

CHAPTER 97 Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest WallF.Dennis McCool/Dudley F.Rochester1541

CHAPTER 98 Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on VentilationGerard Joseph Criner/Steven G.Kelsen1561

CHAPTER 99 Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular DiseasesJohn R.Bach1587

Part Thirteen SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS1597

CHAPTER 100 The Stages of SleepAdrian R.Morrison1599

CHAPTER 101 Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during SleepAllan I.Pack/Leszek Kubin/Richard O.Davies1607

CHAPTER 102 Sleep Apnea SyndromesRichard J.Schwab/Andrew N.Goldberg/Allan I.Pack1617

CHAPTER 103 Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of SleepinessMeir H.Kryger/Charles F.P.George1639

Part Fourteen SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE1647

CHAPTER 104 Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung ResectionRobert J.Downey1649

CHAPTER 105 Thoracic TraumaLarry R.Kaiser/Francis W.DiPierro1661

CHAPTER 106 Lung TransplantationJohn C.Wain1671

Part Fifteen NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS1693

Section 15 Cancer of the LungsCHAPTER 107 Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung CancerJeffrey A.Kern/Geoffrey McLennan1695

CHAPTER 108 Epidemiology of Lung CancerPieter E.Postmus1707

CHAPTER 109 Cigarette Smoking and Health PolicyAlfred P.Fishman1719

CHAPTER 110 The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule:A Systemic ApproachAlan M.Fein/Steven H.Feinsilver/Carlos A.Ares1727

CHAPTER 111 The Pathology of Non-Small Cell Lung CarcinomaLeslie A.Litzky1739

CHAPTER 112 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-Clinical Aspects,Diagnosis,Staging,and Natural HistoryMitchell L.Margolis1759

CHAPTER 113 Part Ⅰ:Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer:SurgicalLarry R.Kaiser1783

Part Ⅱ：Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer:ChemotherapyJoseph Treat1797

Part Ⅲ: Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer:Radiation TherapyWilliam T.Sause/Mitchell Machtay1805

CHAPTER 114 Small Cell Lung Cancer:Diagnosis,Treatment,and Natural HistoryDavid H.Johnson/Charles D.Blanke1819

CHAPTER 115 Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma:Benign and MalignantSteven M.Keller/Kushagra Katariya1833

CHAPTER 116 Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung TumorsBruce E.Johnson/John P.Chute1841

CHAPTER 117 Pulmonary MetastasesMichael E.Burt1851

Section 16 Lymphoproliferative DisordersCHAPTER 118 Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the LungGuiseppe G.Pietra/Kevin E.Salhany1861

Part Sixteen INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS1881

Section 17 General IssuesCHAPTER 119 Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory TractWaldemar G.Johanson,Jr./Lisa L.Dever1883

CHAPTER 120 Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious AgentsGalen B.Toews1891

CHAPTER 121 Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary InfectionsMorton N.Swartz1905

CHAPTER 122 Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for PneumoniaMichael S.Niederman1939

CHAPTER 123 Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the LungsJean A. Klastersky/Mickael Aoun1951

CHAPTER 124 Vaccination for Pulmonary InfectionsMichael S.Simberkoff1959

CHAPTER 125 Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary InfectionsJames L.Michel/Gerald B.Pier1967

Section 18 Pulmonary Infectious SyndromesCHAPTER 126 Infections of the Upper Respiratory TractMarlene Durand/Saumil N.Merchant/Ann Sullivan Baker1973

CHAPTER 127 Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired PneumoniaThomas J.Marrie1985

CHAPTER 128 Pneumonia in ChildhoodMark S.Pasternack1997

CHAPTER 129 Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic InfectionJohn G.Bartlett2011

CHAPTER 130 Empyema and Lung AbscessSydney M.Finegold/Jay A.Fishman2021

CHAPTER 131 MediastinitisMark E.Rupp2035

CHAPTER 132 BronchiectasisMorton N.Swartz2045

CHAPTER 133 Systemic Infection,the Sepsis Syndrome,and the LungsRichard Teplick/Jay A.Fishman2071

Section 19 Special Hosts and Opportunistic InfectionsCHAPTER 134 Introduction:Pulmonary Infection in Special HostsJay A.Fishman2095

CHAPTER 135 HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDSJay A.Fishman2103

CHAPTER 136 Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and CancerJay A.Fishman2121

CHAPTER 137 Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationStephen W.Crawford2137

CHAPTER 138 Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant PatientJay A.Fishman/Robert H.Rubin2153

CHAPTER 139 Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune DefectsHarry R.Hill/Kathleen D.Pfeffer2165

CHAPTER 140 Postoperative PneumoniaRonald Lee Nichols/William D.Hardin,Jr.2179

CHAPTER 141 Respiratory Infections in the Economically DisadvantagedEdward A.Nardell/David Kent2187

Section 20 Specific MicroorganismsCHAPTER 142 Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive BacteriaAlan L.Bisno/Gordon M.Dickinson/David S.McKinsey2199

CHAPTER 143 Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative PneumoniaDavid J.Weber/William A.Rutala/C.Glen Mayhall2213

CHAPTER 144 LegionellosisVictor L.Yu/Emanuel N.Vergis2235

CHAPTER 145 Mycoplasma,Chlamydia,and "Atypical Pneumonias"Maurice A.Mufson2247

CHAPTER 146 Actinomycosis and NocardiosisGregory A.Filice/Donald Armstrong2257

CHAPTER 147 Aspergillus Syndromes,Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary CandidiasisAlan M.Sugar/Elizabeth A.Olek2265

CHAPTER 148 Endemic Mycoses of North America:Histoplasmosis,Coccidioidomycosis,and BlastomycosisL.Joseph Wheat2289

CHAPTER 149 Cryptococcal InfectionsMitchell M.Goldman/L.Joseph Wheat2305

CHAPTER 150 Prteumocystis CariniiJay Alan Fishman2313

CHAPTER 151 Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory TractStephen B.Greenberg2333

CHAPTER 152 The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus InfectionElizabeth A.Rich2347

CHAPTER 153 Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromeJay C.Butler/Sherif R.Zaki2357

CHAPTER 154 Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus InfectionsJoseph L.Melnick2367

CHAPTER 155 Protozoan Infections of the ThoraxJeffrey K.Griffiths/David J.Wyler2379

CHAPTER 156 Helminthic Diseases of the LungsAdel A.F.Mahmoud2401

CHAPTER 157 Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial PneumoniasArnold N.Weinberg/Howard M.Heller2413

Section 21 Mycobacterial InfectionsCHAPTER 158 The Epidemiology,Transmission,and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United StatesIda M.Onorato/Renée Ridzon2431

CHAPTER 159 The Microbiology of the MycobacteriaFrits van der Kuyp2441

CHAPTER 160 Pathogenesis of Pulmonary TuberculosisArthur M.Dannenberg,Jr./Joseph F.Tomashefski,Jr.2447

CHAPTER 161 Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk PopulationsAlan B.Bloch2473

CHAPTER162

Clinical Presentation and Treatment of TuberculosisMilton D.Rossman/A.Fuson Oner-Eyuboglu2483

CHAPTER 163 Mycobacterial Infections and HIV InfectionRichard E.Chaisson2503

CHAPTER 164 Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium TuberculosisPaul T.Davidson2513

Part Seventeen ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE2523

Section 22 Lung FailureCHAPTER 165 Respiratory Failure:An OverviewMichael A.Grippi2525

CHAPTER166

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: PathogenesisJean E.Rinaldo/John W.Christman2537

CHAPTER167

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Clinical Features,Management,and OutcomeLeonard D.Hudson/Kenneth P.Steinberg2549

CHAPTER 168 The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction SyndromeClifford S.Deutschman2567

CHAPTER 169 Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn InfantsWalker A.Long/Anthony Corbet2575

CHAPTER 170 Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical PatientRobert M.Kotloff2589

Section 23 Respiratory Pump FailureCHAPTER171

Pump Failure:The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patients with Lung and Chest Wall DiseaseSteven G.Kelsen/Gerard Joseph Criner2605

Section 24 Management and Therapeutic InterventionsCHAPTER 172 Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen ToxicityMichael F.Beers2627

CHAPTER 173 Pulmonary PharmacotherapyScott Manaker/Karen J.Tietze/Eric T.Wittbrodt2643

CHAPTER 174 Intubation and Upper Airway ManagementC.William Hanson Ⅲ2661

CHAPTER 175 Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory FailureJonathan Gottlieb2673

CHAPTER 176 Mechanical Ventilation:Conventional Modes and SettingsMartin J.Tobin2691

CHAPTER 177 Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory TechniquesJohn J.Marini2709

CHAPTER 178 Nutrition in Acute Respiratory FailureSusan K.Pingleton2727

CHAPTER 179 Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated PatientsJohn Hansen-Flaschen2739

CHAPTER 180 Decision Making in the Intensive Care UnitMark A.Kelley2753

CHAPTER 181 Ethics in the Intensive Care UnitPaul N.Lanken2761

CHAPTER 182 Prevention and Control of Lung DiseaseSuzanne S.Hurd/Claude Lenfant2773