《Table 3 Microbiota profile (culture method) in young and elderly subjects》

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《Gut microbiota profile in healthy Indonesians》

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Comparison of continuous variable was carried out using the Independent T test for normally distributed data and the Mann Whitney test for non-normally distributed data.

Commensal Clostridia-known to be the microbial with the highest population found in the gut，was represented by Clostridium cocoides and Clostridium leptum subgroup in the present study（Table 2）.The number of Clostridia decreased in elderly subjects in both locations.The Gram-positive bacteria，Clostridia，start to colonize in the first month in breastfed infants，and populate a certain area of the intestinal mucosa within intestinal cells[30].Therefore，Clostridia can play an important role in affecting the physiologic，metabolic and immune processes.On the other hand，Bifidobacterium is believed to be one of the first microbes to colonize the human gastrointestinal tract and provide beneficial health effects as they have the ability to produce butyric acid[31，32].The Atopobium cluster belongs to phylum Actinobacteria alongside Bifidobacterium.The population of this bacterium in adults was the same as that of Bifidobacterium，approximately 109，and unlike Bifidobacterium which decreased in the elderly，Atopobium counts were constant[16].