《Table 1Changes in gut microbiota with different liver diseases.》

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《Gut microbial dysbiosis associates hepatocellular carcinoma via the gut-liver axis》

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Shen et al.[24]evaluated the relationship between gut microbial dysbiosis and severe NAFLD lesions，including NASH and fibrosis.They found that NAFLD patients had lower gut microbiota diversity and Prevotella abundance；whereas NASH patients had higher abundance of genus Blautia and Lachnospiraceae family.NASH patients with significant fibrosis had a higher abundance of genus Escherichia Shigella and Enterobacteriaceae family compared to those with F0/F1 fibrosis（Table 1）.Boursier et al.[40]found that Bacteroides abundance was significantly increased in NASH and patients with fibrosis stage（F）≥2，whereas Prevotella abundance was decreased.Ruminococcus abundance was significantly higher in F≥2 patients.Importantly，Bacteroides abundance was independently associated with NASH and Ruminococcus with F≥2 fibrosis.NAFLD severity is associated with gut dysbiosis，and gut microbial analysis could predict NAFLD severity.These studies suggest that targeting gut microbiota is a new strategy to treat NAFLD/NASH.