《Table 3–Mean Percentage Deviations of various solutes in water.》

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《Model evaluation for the prediction of solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs) to guide solid–liquid separator design》

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The effect of these two assumptions is considered in this work，using benzene as a reference solvent.These results are compared in Table 2.Mishra and Yalkowsky[15]have analysed this behaviour for similar solutes，in benzene.In their work，for APIs in benzene，employing the UNIFAC combinitorial term，with the Scatchard–Hildebrand[63，64]residual term，with the assumption of zero heat capacity changes，provided the best prediction of solubility.Benzene is used as a representative solvent for all hydrophobic solvents（alkane，aliphatics，alkenes，alkynes）due to the abundance of experimental data available in the literature for pharmaceutical systems with benzene as the solvent.It is not recommended as a pharmaceutical process solvent as it is a class one residual solvent.In practice，less hazardous hydrophobic solvents such as alkanes are used.Unfortunately，the data for pharmaceutical+alkane systems for a specific alkane e.g.hexane was not abundant in the literature and so a comprehensive result regarding heat capacity assumptions would not have been possible.It is assumed that the results obtained in this work using benzene would be very similar for systems composed of other hydrophobic solvents.