《Table 1.Chemical composition of the 316L stainless steel used in this study》

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《"Effect of cold rolling on the microstructural, magnetic, mechanical, and corrosion properties of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel"》

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wt%

A 316L austenitic stainless steel sheet described in Table1 with a thickness of 1 mm was used as the initial material.Samples with dimensions of 3 cm×10 cm were prepared，and a rolling machine with a maximum applied load of 35 t was used to obtain rolled sheets with different percentages of reduction in thickness（15%，30%，40%，45%，and 50%）.The microstructure of the samples was analyzed by optical microscopy（OM，Meiji IM-7200）and scanning electron microscopy（SEM，LEO 1455VP）.The martensitic phase transformation during cold plastic deformation was investigated by X-ray diffraction（XRD，Asenware Aw-XDM300diffractometer with Cu Kα1 radiation）.The XRD data were recorded in the 2θrange from 30°to 100°with a step size of0.05°and a time step of 1.5 s.The phase analysis of XRD data was performed using the X&apos；Pert High Score software.The magnetic properties at room temperature were examined using a vibrating sample magnetometer（VSM，Meghnatis Daghigh Kavir）in an operating range of±1000k A/m.Room-temperature mechanical properties，including the tensile strength，yield strength，and the ductility，were extracted from engineering stress–strain curves obtained via tensile tests.The tensile-test samples were prepared according to standard ISO 6892-1（No-30），and the tensile tests were conducted with an elongation rate of 0.6 mm/min under a uniaxial tensile force using a tensile testing machine（SANTAM STM-150）.The samples’surface hardness was measured on a Vickers microhardness machine（INNOVA）using a 300-g load and a 10-s dwell time.