《Table 1.Chemical composition of the materials used》

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《Effects of intermediate Ni layer on mechanical properties of Al–Cu layered composites fabricated through cold roll bonding》

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The materials used in this study were commercially pure Al and Cu strips，whose chemical compositions are presented in Table 1.The strips with the dimensions of 100 mm×25 mm×1 mm were cut from primary cold-rolled sheets.To ensure consistent specimen hardness，Al strips were annealed at 663 K for 2 h and Cu strips were annealed at 773K for 2 h.Prior to the CRB process，Nickel powder with the average particle size of less than 40μm was manually dispersed between the two strips.The powder specifications were determined using an energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）-equipped scanning electron microscope（SEM，Seron AIS 2300）operated at 20 k V，and the results are shown in Fig.1（a）.Using the electroplating method，we coated some Cu strips with nickel.This process has been explained in detail in previous studies[1，24].Electroplating was performed under an applied voltage of 8 V for 15，30，60 and120 min.The thickness of the nickel layer obtained through the electroplating process was determined by SEM cross-sectional analysis.Fig.1（b）shows the EDS results for the nickel coating.Table 2 shows the volume percentages of nickel used as a powder or coating.