《Table 1–Effect of different concentrations of propranolol on zeta potential and particle size of th

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《Buccal administration of mucoadhesive blend films saturated with propranolol loaded nanoparticles》

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The wettability of film surface was characterized by using contact angle measurements.The contact angle of films varied from 65.14 to 67.09，but no significant difference was found in the contact angle of all film formulations.The surface free energy of films ranged from 38.84 to 39.92 mJ/m2calculated using Wu harmonic mean equation as shown in Table 2.Two components of this energy are divided into polar force（24.05–26.14 m J/m2）and dispersive forces（13.15–15.87 m J/m2），Table 2，which represent hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the film surface，respectively[8].The polar force of all film formulations was higher than the dispersive force，indicating that the blend films were hydrophilic.However，no change in polar force，dispersive force，or surface free energy was observed in each film.There was no change in contact angle，suggesting that addition of nanoparticles did not affect wettability of the blend films.These results suggest that addition of nanoparticles and increasing amounts of PNL in blend films did not affect the conformation and molecular orientation of the film surface.The sizes of the particles were very small（nanometer range）and they were widely dispersed on the film surface resulting in no statistically significant difference in wettability of all film formulations.Confirmation of the film surface will be examined in further experiments using SEM.