《Table 2 Layered markets and market contexts of an infrastructure PPP》

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《Sustainable public-private partnerships:Balancing the multi-actor ecosystem and societal requirements》

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Infrastructure serves several market layers，and multiple types of organizations are involved as market actors（Levi?kangas et al.，2011；Levi?kangas et al.，2015）.For instance，electricity networks can have multiple electricity producers，they have multiple clients in the corporate and consumer segments，and they may compete with other networks for the transfer of electricity.The networks may be public，semi-public（e.g.，municipality-or city-owned companies），or private firms.Entities with different legal forms may have different business logic，and they may be treated differently in terms of regulation，taxation，and so on.The market layer idea is essential in the modeling process toward the integrated model and will be shown in Section 3（Table 2）.