《Table 1 PPP project ecosystem economy matrix》

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《Sustainable public-private partnerships:Balancing the multi-actor ecosystem and societal requirements》

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Note:The surplus cashow available for share and debt holders，paid by the project company；payments to suppliers and contractors；benets and costs for users and public-sector client（society）.Market value of the project equals free cashow available for i

Infrastructure serves several market layers，and multiple types of organizations are involved as market actors（Levi?kangas et al.，2011；Levi?kangas et al.，2015）.For instance，electricity networks can have multiple electricity producers，they have multiple clients in the corporate and consumer segments，and they may compete with other networks for the transfer of electricity.The networks may be public，semi-public（e.g.，municipality-or city-owned companies），or private firms.Entities with different legal forms may have different business logic，and they may be treated differently in terms of regulation，taxation，and so on.The market layer idea is essential in the modeling process toward the integrated model and will be shown in Section 3（Table 2）.