《Table 2 Characterization of Chinese farms at different scales》

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《A proposed framework for accelerating technology trajectories in agriculture: a case study in China》

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Note:Adapted from China Statistical Yearbook and data released by authorities.

While land transfer has begun to change the structure of Chinese farms，at present changes have been insufficient in scale and outcome.Currently there is a co-existence of polarized situations，with a small number of farms operating at a large-scale（typically government run commercial farms located predominantly in the north of the country）（Table 2；inter alia[36，38]） ，or larger fragmented farms.At present，family farms lack both the capital and incentive to invest in agricultural technologies，including PA.In common with other parts of the world，China faces problems associated with declining rural populations and rural-urban drift[39，40]，which disproportionately involves younger people moving to cities，and also disproportionately involves men，leaving older women to manage farms[41].Thus，rural populations are characterized as aging，with little experience of digital technologies[42，43]，including those applied to agriculture.