《Table 1.Basic model parameters》

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《Reproducing past subduction and mantle flow using high-resolution global convection models》

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*Composition 1 to 6 are weak oceanic crust，continental crust，continental lithosphere，arc-like structure，buoyant layer within the oceanic plates and thermal-chemical layer above CMB，respectively.Refer to Figure 3 for composition 1 to 5.

where B is the buoyancy ratio（Table 1），an input parameter that varies with different compositions，Δρch the compositional density anomaly，ρ0 the reference density，α0 the reference thermal expansivity，andΔT the temperature contrast across the mantle.The compositional effect on viscosity is achieved through a multiplication factor that is a geometric mean for all the compositions within the element: