《Table 1 Alternative planning action strategies and the corresponding local cities and towns》

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《Planning for Health: Complexity of Environmental Health and Planning Responses》

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Note:●means major concern，◎means medium concern，○means less concern.

Specifically，a given place can choose a planning action strategy that matches its actual situation（see Table 1）based on the correspondence between the alternative plan and the measurement indicator.For example，a health protection-oriented action plan can adopt a low carbon city or eco-city planning model to achieve ecological stability and environmental harmlessness through the reconstruction of a complex urban system，hence securing the basic health needs of residents，which is mainly suitable for local cities where the exposure level of eco-environment-dominated disease is higher，and the friendliness level of the natural environment is lower.（1）（2） A health promotion-oriented action plan can take a slow city or dynamic city planning model，for the improvement of the health condition of residents through the adjustment of individual behavior，which is mainly suitable for the place where the exposure level of individual lifestyle-dominated diseases is higher and the friendliness level of built environment is lower.（3）（4） The health equity-oriented action plan can adopt a compact city or elderly friendly city planning model to enhance the social equity of various service facilities through the improvement of physical space.This is mainly applicable to the cities of high aging level.（5）In addition to the above three simple action strategies，some places need to flexibly choose combined strategies，based on the complex relationship among health risk exposure，environmental friendliness and the aging level.In the long run，the action strategies addressing health problems in many local cities may converge eventually as combinatorial action strategies to simultaneously develop health protection and health promotion with due consideration of health equity，as well as exploring more efficient planning models to make up for the deficiencies of the existing planning models.