《Table 2 Glucose conversion and HMF yield over different amounts of Zr PO catalyst》

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《Direct Conversion of Glucose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over Zirconium Phosphate Catalyst in a Biphasic System》

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Reaction conditions:10%of aqueous glucose，160°C，3 h，6 m L of reaction solution，THF:H2O volume ratio of 5:1.

The effects of different catalyst loadings on glucose conversion and HMF yield were investigated，with the results summarized in Table 2.It can be seen from Table 2 that the said Zr PO exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the conversion of glucose into HMF.Even a small catalyst loading was adopted，a glucose conversion of 92.3%and a HMF yield of 52.1%could be achieved over 0.075 g of Zr PO catalyst.Upon further decreasing catalyst loading to 0.025 g，the glucose conversion and HMF yield could be still maintained at 83.4%and 35.2%，respectively，indicating that the total amount of acid sites and the appropriate ratio of Lewis to Br?nsted acid sites on Zr PO catalyst were much favorable to the formation of HMF from glucose.Especially，the HMF yield increased to a maximum value over a catalyst loading of 100 mg.Therefore，in a bid to obtain a high yield of HMF，the mass of catalyst was chosen as 100 mg hereinafter.