《英语词汇学》

Introduction1

Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary6

1.1 What Is a Word6

1.2 Sound and Meaning7

1.3 Sound and Form8

1.4 Vocabulary10

1.5 Classification of Words10

1.5.1 Basic Word Stock and Nonbasic Vocabulary11

1.5.2 Content Words and Functional Words16

1.5.3 Native Words and Borrowed Words17

Questions and Tasks20

Chapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary23

2.1 The Indo-European Language Family23

2.2 A Historical Overview of the English Vocabulary25

2.2.1 Old English(450-1150)25

2.2.2 Middle English(1150-1500)26

2.2.3 Modern English(1500-up to now)28

2.3 Growth of Present-day English Vocabulary30

2.4 Modes of Vocabulary Development31

Questions and Tasks33

Chapter 3 Word Formation Ⅰ37

3.1 Morphemes37

3.2 Allomorphs38

3.3 Types of Morphemes39

3.3.1 Free Morphemes39

3.3.2 Bound Morphemes39

3.4 Root and Stem42

Questions and Tasks44

Chapter 4 Word FormationⅡ45

4.1 Affixation46

4.1.1 Prefixation46

4.1.2 Suffixation48

4.2 Compounding51

4.2.1 Characteristics of Compounds52

4.2.2 Formation of Compounds53

4.3 Conversion56

4.4 Blending63

4.5 Clipping64

4.6 Acronymy65

4.6.1 Initialisms66

4.6.2 Acronyms66

4.7 Back-formation67

4.8 Words from Proper Names69

Questions and Tasks73

Chapter 5 Word Meaning81

5.1 The Meanings of‘Meaning’81

5.1.1 Reference81

5.1.2 Concept82

5.2.1 Onomatopoeic Motivation83

5.1.3 Sense83

5.2 Motivation83

5.2.2 Morphological Motivation84

5.2.3 Semantic Motivation85

5.2.4 Etymological Motivation85

5.3 Types of Meaning85

5.3.1 Grammatical Meaning and Lexical Meaning86

5.3.2 Conceptual Meaning and Associative Meaning87

Questions and Tasks92

Chapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic Field95

6.1 Polysemy95

6.1.1 Tow Approaches to Polysemy96

6.1.2 Tow Processes of Development98

6.2 Homonymy100

6.2.1 Types of Homonyms100

6.2.2 Origins of Homonyms101

6.2.4 Rhetoric Features of Homonyms102

6.2.3 Differentiation of Homonyms from Polysemant102

6.3 Synonymy103

6.3.1 Definition of Synonyms104

6.3.2 Types of Synonyms104

6.3.3 Sources of Synonyms105

6.3.4 Discrimination of Synonyms107

6.4 Antonymy111

6.4.1 Types of Antonyms111

6.4.2 Some of the Characteristics of Antonyms114

6.4.3 The Use of Antonyms116

6.5 Hyponymy117

6.6 Semantic Field119

Questions and Tasks123

Chapter 7 Changes in Word Meaning134

7.1 Types of Changes135

7.1.1 Extension135

7.1.2 Narrowing137

7.1.3 Elevation138

7.1.4 Degradation139

7.2 Causes of Changes141

7.2.1 Extra-linguistic Factors141

7.2.2 Linguistic Factors144

Questions and Tasks145

Chapter 8 Meaning and Context149

8.1 Types of Context149

8.1.1 Extra-linguistic Context150

8.1.2 Linguistic Context152

8.2 The Role of Context154

8.2.1 Elimination of Ambiguity155

8.2.2 Indication of Referents156

8.2.3 Provision of Clues for Inferring Word-meaning157

Questions and Tasks159

9.1.1 Semantic Unity162

9.1 Characteristics of Idioms162

Chapter 9 English Idioms162

9.1.2 Structural Stability163

9.2 Classification of Idioms165

9.2.1 Idioms Nominal in Nature165

9.2.2 Idioms Adjectival in Nature166

9.2.3 Idioms Verbal in Nature166

9.2.4 Idioms Adverbial in Nature168

9.2.5 Sentence Idioms168

9.3 Use of Idioms169

9.3.1 Stylistic Features169

9.3.2 Rhetorical Features173

9.3.3 Variations of Idioms176

Questions and Tasks179

Chapter 10 English Dictionaries184

10.1 Types of Dictionaries184

10.1.1 Monolingual and Bilingual Dictionaries184

10.1.2 Linguistic and Encyclopedic Dictionaries185

10.1.3 Unabridged,Desk and Pocket Dictionaries186

10.1.4 Specialized Dictionaries188

10.2 Use of Dictionaries188

10.2.1 Choice of Dictionaries188

10.2.2 Content of the Dictionary191

10.2.3 Use of the Dictionary194

10.3 Three Good General Dictionaries195

10.3.1 Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English(LDCE) New Edition(1987)195

10.3.2 Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary(CCELD)(1987)198

10.3.3 A Chinese-English Dictionary(Revised Edition)(CED)(1995)200

Questions and Tasks202

Suggested Answers205

Reference Books222

英语词汇学术语英汉对照表227

后记238

英语词汇学自学考试大纲239