《英语词汇学教程》

Chapter 1The Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary1

1.1 The Definition of a Word1

1.2 Vocabulary3

1.3 Sound and Meaning3

1.4 Sound and Form4

1.5 Classification of Words7

1.Basic Word Stock and Nonbasic Vocabulary7

2.Content Words and Functional Words13

3.Native Words and Borrowed Words14

Questions and Tasks18

Chapter 2The Development of the English Vocabulary20

2.1 The Indo-European Language Family20

2.2 Three Phases of the Historical Development22

1.Old English23

2.Middle English25

3.Modern English28

1.Receptivity,Adaptability and Heterogenity30

2.3 General Characteristics30

2.Simplicity of Inflection31

3.Relatively Fixed Word-order31

2.4 Foreign Elements in the English Vocabulary32

1.Latin32

2.Greek35

3.French37

4.Scandinavian41

5.Other Foreign Elements43

Questions and Tasks48

Chapter 3Word Structure and Word Formation52

3.1 Morphological Structure of Words52

1.Morphemes52

2.Allomorphs53

3.Types of Morphemes54

4.Root,Stem,Base58

3.2 Word Formation60

1.Affixation62

2.Compounding78

3.Conversion86

4.Blending96

5.Clipping98

6.Acronymy100

7.Back-formation102

8.Sound Reduplication104

9.Commonization of Proper Names105

Questions and Tasks111

Chapter 4Word Meaning and Componential Analysis119

4.1 Word Meaning119

1.Reference119

2.Concept120

3.Sense121

1.Onomatopoeic Motivation122

4.2 Motivation122

2.Morphological Motivation123

3.Semantic Motivation123

4.Etymological Motivation124

4.3 Types of Meaning124

1.Grammatical Meaning and Lexical Meaning125

2.Conceptual Meaning and Associative Meaning126

4.4 Componential Analysis132

Questions and Tasks137

Chapter 5Sense Relations140

5.1 Polysemy140

1.Two Approaches to Polysemy141

2.Two Processes of Development143

5.2 Homonymy146

1.Types of Homonyms146

2.Origins of Homonyms147

3.Differentiation of Homonyms from Polysemants148

4.Rhetoric Features of Homonyms149

1.Definition of Synonyms150

5.3 Synonymy150

2.Types of Synonyms151

3.Sources of Synonyms152

4.Discrimination of Synonyms154

5.4 Antonymy160

1.Types of Antonyms160

2.Some of the Characteristics of Antonyms163

3.The Use of Antonyms166

5.5 Hyponymy168

5.6 Semantic Field171

Questions and Tasks176

Chapter 6Changes in Word Meaning186

6.1 Types of Change187

1.Extension of Meaning187

2.Narrowing of Meaning189

3.Elevation of Meaning191

4.Degradation of Meaning192

5.Transference of Meaning193

6.Euphemism196

6.2 Mechanism of Change197

6.3 Causes of Change201

1.Extra-linguistic Factors201

2.Linguistic Factors204

Questions and Tasks206

7.1 Types of Context210

Chapter 7Meaning and Context210

1.Extra-linguistic Context211

2.Linguistic Context214

7.2 The Role of Context216

1.Elimination of Ambiguity217

2.Indication of Referents218

3.Provision of Clues for Inference of Word-meaning219

Questions and Tasks223

8.1 Characteristics of Idioms225

1.Semantic Unity225

Chapter 8English Idioms225

2.Structural Stability226

8.2 Classification of Idioms228

1.Idioms Nominal in Nature230

2.Idioms Adjectival in Nature230

3.Idioms Verbal in Nature231

4.Idioms Adverbial in Nature232

5.Sentence Idioms233

1.Stylistic Features234

8.3 Use of Idioms234

2.Rhetorical Features237

3.Variations of Idioms242

Questions and Tasks246

Chapter 9English Dictionaries251

9.1 The Development of the Dictionary252

1.Early Glossaries and Word Books252

2.Modern English Dictionaries253

3.American Dictionaries255

9.2 Types of Dictionaries257

1.Monolingual and Bilingual Dictionaries257

2.Linguistic and Encyclopedic Dictionaries258

3.Unabridged,Desk and Pocket Dictionaries259

9.3 Using the Dictionary267

1.Choice of Dictionaries267

2.Making Full Use of the Dictionary271

Questions and Tasks276

Chapter 10Aspects of Vocabulary Learning278

10.1 Vocabulary Storage279

10.2 Schematic Learning280

10.3 Learning by Lexical Phrases281

10.4 Learning Words in Discourse282

1.Cohesion283

2.Discourse Markers and Organizers286

Questions and Tasks291

REFERENCES292

词汇学术语英汉对照表298