《研究生实用英语系列教程 写译》

Contents1

Part One Writing1

Unit 1 Essay Writing Techniques1

Chapter 1 From Paragraph to Essay1

Expanding Paragraphs into Essay1

Writing Assignments5

Beginning an Essay6

Limiting a Subject6

Exercise 18

Writing a Thesis Statement9

Exercise 210

Exercise 311

Making an Outline12

Exercise 417

Exercise 517

Chapter 2 Developing an Essay by Process Analysis18

How to Write a Process Analysis Essay19

Sample Essay 121

Essay Analysis25

Useful Words and Expressions26

Writing Assignment26

Classification27

Chapter 3 Developing an Essay by Classification and Division27

How to Write a Classification Essay29

Sample Essay30

Essay Analysis33

A Note on Division34

Esssay Analysis37

Useful Words and Expressions38

Writing Assignments39

Chapter 4 Developing an Essay by Comparison and Contrast39

How to Write a Comparison/Contrast Essay40

Sample Essay43

Sample Passage46

Essay Analysis46

Tasks47

Useful Words and Expressions47

Writing Assignment48

Chapter 5 Devel oping an Essay by Cause and Effect48

How to Write a Cause/Effect Essay49

Sample Essay 151

Essay Analysis54

Sample Essay 254

Tasks56

Useful Words and Expressions56

Chapter 6 Developing an Essay by Argumentation59

Writing Assignment59

How to Write an Argumentative Essay60

Argumentative Thesis60

Exercise 161

Moving from Evidence to Conclusion Through Logical Reasoning61

Induction62

Deduction62

Exercise 263

Strengthening Your Argument by Avoiding Logical Falla-cies64

Exercise 366

Strengthening Your Argument by Confronting the Oppo-sition67

Organizing an Argumentative Essay68

Essay Analysis74

Useful Words and Expressions74

Writing Assignments75

Unit 2 Writing for Everyday Communication77

Chapter 7 Social Notes,Memoranda and Invitations77

Notes and Memoranda77

Writing Assignment for Notes79

Invitations and Replies81

Useful Words and Expressions f or Writing Invitations and Replies85

Writing Assignments85

Notices86

Chapter 8 Notices,Posters and Announcements86

Writing Assignments90

Posters91

Writing Assignment92

Announcements93

Useful Words and Expressions94

Writing Assignment94

Chapter 9 Telegrams and Telexes95

Telegrams95

Writing Assignments98

Telexes99

Useful Words and Expressions104

Writing Assignments105

Chapter 10 Contracts and Bills106

Contracts106

Bills113

Useful Words and Expressions115

Writing Assignments115

Chapter 11 Personal Letters117

Useful Words and Expressions123

Writing Assignments124

Business Letters125

Chapter 12 Business Letters and Letters of Application125

Letters of Application132

Application for Employment and Resume136

Useful Words and Expressions141

Writing Assignments142

Chapter 13 Letters for Other Purposes142

Letters of Invitation142

Useful Expressions149

Writing Assignments149

Letters of Inquiry150

Useful Expressions153

Writing Assignments154

Letters of Complaint155

Useful Expressions157

Writing Assignments157

Unit 3 Technical Writing159

Chapter 14 Using Sources159

Quoting159

Exercise 1164

Paraphrasing166

Exercise 2170

Documenting171

The Author-Date System172

The Footnote-Bibliography System175

The Numbered System178

Exercise 3180

Chapter 15 Summaries and Abstracts182

Sammaries182

Main Steps in Writing a Summary182

Model Summary Writing183

Exercise 1187

Abstracts190

Suggestions for Writing an Abstract190

Exercise 2194

Chapter 16 Research Writing for Professional Journals195

Major Steps in Writing for Professional Journals195

Exercise199

Chapter 17 Progress Reports212

Basic Structure213

Format216

Exercises221

Part Two Translation222

第一章　概论222

一、翻译的定义和种类222

二、翻译的标准222

三、翻译的过程223

四、对翻译者的要求224

第二章　选择法226

一、根据上下文来选择词义226

二、根据搭配关系来选择词义227

三、根据词类来选择词义228

第三章　引申法232

一、通过表象揭示内涵232

二、将概括的词义作具体化引申234

三、将具体的词义作抽象化引申235

一、由于意义上的需要而增词239

第四章　增词法239

二、由于句法上的需要而增词245

三、由于搭配上的需要而增词247

第五章　减词法251

一、由于词义范围和使用习惯不同而减词251

二、由于语法体系和结构不同而减词255

三、由于搭配不同而减词258

第六章　转换法262

一、名词的转换262

二、动词的转换263

三、形容词的转换265

一、数量增加的译法268

第七章　数词的译法268

二、数量减少的译法270

三、表示数量习惯短语的译法272

第八章　肯定与否定的译法275

一、肯定句与否定句互相转译法275

二、部分否定的译法276

三、双重否定的译法277

第九章　被动语态的译法281

一、常见被动习语的译法281

二、被动含义的译法284

一、定语位置的安排289

第十章　定语的译法289

二、定语的转译294

三、英语定语从句的转译295

第十一章　长句的译法301

一、顺序译法301

二、逆序译法302

三、拆句译法302

四、并句译法303

第十二章　误译举例307

一、英译汉误译举例307

二、汉译英误译举例310