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PART ONE INTRODUCTION1

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO INTERPRETATION1

Ⅰ．What Interpretation Means1

TABLE OF CONTENTS1

Ⅱ．The Two Most Widely-Used Forms of Interpretation2

Ⅲ．Prerequisites for Interpretation3

Ⅳ．Basic Qualities Required of the Interpreter6

Ⅴ．Dialectical-Materialism in Interpretation:Unity of Accuracy and Smoothness is Our Goal9

Ⅵ．Genuine Knowledge Comes from Practice11

Ⅰ．Stressing13

PART TWO STEPPING-STONE TO COMPE-TENCY IN CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETATION13

CHAPTER 2 FAMILIARTTY WITH THE STRUCTURE OF SPOKEN ENGLISH13

Ⅱ．Pronunciation14

Ⅲ．Intonation16

Ⅳ．Rhythm18

Ⅴ．Word Order19

Ⅵ．Reading Aloud-Drills 1 and 220

CHAPTER 3 FAMILIARITY WITH POLITE FORMS IN ENGLISH22

EX.1 Interpret the Following 80 Sentences22

Asking Favours22

Apologizing24

Complaining24

Polite Refusal25

Polite Orders26

Expressing Disapproval or Objection27

CHAPTR 4 CONSTANT EXPOSURE IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE28

Ⅰ．Our Strong Points and Weak Points28

Ⅱ．Recognizing and Using the Correct Levels of English29

Ⅲ．Absorption of Knowledge and Useful Expressions33

EX.2 A Passage in the Consultative Style(E-C)35

EX.3 A Passage in the Formal Style(E-C)35

EX.4 Sight-interpreting an Important Memorandum of Understanding36

CHAPTER 5 PROPER HANDLING OF IDIOMS0—THREE RULES TO GO BY40

Ⅰ．Render the Meaning,not Mere Words,in the Light of the Context40

Ⅱ．Distinguish the Commendatory Term from the Derogatory Term41

Ⅲ．Do Not Misuse Foreign Idioms in Interpreting42

EX.5 Interpret the Following Sentences into Chinese,Paying Attention to the Handling of the Idioms Therein43

EX.6 Interpret the Following Chinese Idioms into43

English43

CHAPTER 6 NOTE-TAKING IN INTERPRETING45

Ⅰ．Two Special Features45

Ⅱ．Some Practical Hints46

Ⅲ．Practising Note-taking—Interpreting Procedural Brief for Meetings of the Security Council49

EX.7 Interpret the Following Parts of Procedural Brief(E-C)50

EX.8 Interpret the Following Parts of Procedural Brief(C-E)52

CHAPTER 7 THE INTERPRETING OF FIGURES53

Ⅰ．Some Practical Difficulties for Chinese Interpreters53

Ⅱ．Practice Makes Perfect55

EX.9　Interpretin Figures(C-E)—Practising Notetaking at the Same Time57

EX.10 Interpreting Figures：Emphasis on Accuracy in Interpreting Dates57

EX.11 Interpreting Abbreviations—Speeialized Agencies Related to the UN59

EX.12　Interpreting figures(C-E)60

EX.13 Interpreting figures(C-E)61

EX.14 Interpreting figures(E-C)on Sectoral Growth Rates of GDP(Countriesin South Asia)61

EX.15 Interpreting Figures(C-E)—Facts and Figures on China's Achievements62

PART THREE PRACTISING CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETATION ON VARIOUS THEMES64

CHAPTER 8 FEATURES OF PART THREE AND THE BASICS64

OF INTERPRETATION TECHNIQUES64

Ⅰ．Basic Features of the 13 Chapters in Part Three64

Ⅱ．On the Basics of Interpretation Techniques65

Ⅲ．Weighing C-E and E-C,Consecutive and Simultaneous67

CHAPTER 9 PROTOCOL ROUTINE70

EX.16 Background Notes 1:Diplomatic Style Fostered by Premier Zhou(E-C)70

EX.17 Background Notes 2:Arrival of a Foreign Guest(E-C)71

EX.18 Meeting a Foreign Guest72

EX.19 Making Appointment74

EX.20 Making Appointments,Etc.(C-E)77

CHAPTER 10 WEATHER AND DINNER PARTIES82

EX.21 Background Notes 1:The Climate of Beijing(E-C)82

EX.22 Background Notes 2:On Dinner Parties(E-C)84

EX.23 Talking about the Weather85

EX.24 Entertaining Guests at Dinner87

EX.25 More Dialogues for Consecutive Interpretation(C-E)90

CHARTER 11 ON CHINA'S AGRICULTURE95

EX.26 Background Notes 1:A Brief Survey95

EX.27 Background Notes 2:More Facts＆Figures96

EX.28 Background　Notes 3:Visiting a Rural Houhold98

EX.29 Briefing on China's Agriculture99

EX.30 Visiting a Peasant's Home101

EX.31 Discussions on Modernization of China's Agriculture103

CHARTER 12 VISITING PLACES OF INTEREST110

EX.32 Background Notes 1:A Brief Account of History of China110

EX.33 Background Notes 2:On China's Geography and Ethnic Groups112

EX.34 Background Notes 3:Expanding Tourism114

EX.35 A Brief Introduction to Beijing116

EX.36 Sightseeing Trip to the Great Wall＆Ming Tombs117

EX.37　Touring the Summer Palace121

EX.38 Guilin to Yangshuo by Boat124

EX.39 Initial Diseussion on Environmental Protection125

CHARTER 13 DAY-TO-DAY CONVERSATION IN DIPLOMATIC SERVICE131

EX.40 Background Notes 1:Our Principled Stand in International Relations131

EX.41 Background Notes 2:China Adheres to Her Independent Foreign Policy of Peace132

EX.42 Background Notes 3:On Peace and Development133

EX.43 Asking the Foreign Office for Help134

EX.44 OnOverseas Chinese135

EX.45 Expressing Regret＆Lodging Protest137

EX.46 Exchange of Views on Disarmament138

Issues of Human Rights140

EX.47　Discussions on Peace Development and on140

CHARTER 14 ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION147

EX.48 Background Notes 1:On International Economic Situation＆Establishment of NIEO147

EX.49 Background Notes 2:On Self-reliance149

EX.50 Background Notes 3:Our Basic View-points on International Economic Relations(C-E)150

EX.51 One Session of the Trade Talks(covering also discussions on TNCs and on trade liberalization)151

EX.52 Talking about Shipping Documents154

EX.53 Exchangingfor Chinese Money(at a hotel bank)155

EX.54 Conversation on Income Tax Concerning Foreign Enterprises157

EX.55 A Briefing on UN/DTCD159

EX.56 Another Round of Trade Talks163

EX.57 Background Notes 1:A Brief Survey165

CHARTER 15 ON CHINA'S INDUSTRIES165

EX.58 Background Notes 2:40 Years—Facts and Figures167

EX.59 Background Notes 3:Make Foreign Things Serve China169

EX.60 Making New Breakthroughs in Reform of State-owned Enterprises(SOEs)171

EX.61 An Introduction to a Machinery Factory(C-E)172

EX.62 Discussion at a Factory Reception Room173

EX.63 A Casual Dialogue between Two Foreign Visitors175

EX.64 Further Discussion with a Foreign Guest177

CHARTER 16 DISCUSSIONS ON ART＆LITERATURE180

EX.65　Background Notes 1:A High Ethical and Cultural Level180

EX.66 Background Notes 2:Some of Our Guiding Principles181

EX.67 Background Notes 3:On Policy Matters(C-E)182

EX.68 Going to a Concert183

EX.69 On Chinese Painting186

EX.70 On Music and Dance186

EX.71 On Chinese Acrobatics188

EX.72 Discussion on Chinese Arts and Crafts190

CHARTER 17 VISITING A DIVISION OF PLA＆DISCUSSION ON RELATED MATTERS193

EX.73 Background Notes 1:A Brief Account of the History of PLA193

EX.74 Background Notes 2:Strengthen the Modernization of Our National Defence196

EX.75 A Brief Account of the History of Division 196197

EX.76 Discussion at the Divisional Headquarters198

EX.77 Visiting Regiment 587200

EX.78 Viewing Various Items of Military Training202

EX.79 Talk by a Visiting Ex-pilot from USA205

CHARTER 18 ON CHINA'S POLITICAL SYSTEM208

EX.80 Background Notes 1:On the Constitution of People's Republic of China208

EX.81 Background Notes 2:On the National People's Congress(NPC)210

EX.82 Background Notes 3:On the Origin and Function of CPPCC212

EX.83 Discussion on China's Political System213

EX.84 On the Rights＆Duties of the Citizens of China216

EX.85　Background Notes 1:President Jiang on Vital Role of S T at the Turn of the Century219

CHARTER 19　ON REVITALIZING THE NATION THROUGH SCIENCE AND EDUCATION219

EX.86　Background Notes 2:On Implementation of the Strategies of Revitalizing the Nation through Science and Education and of Achieving Sustainable Development220

EX.87 Discussions on the Spark Programme and the Torch Programme of China222

EX.88 Discussion on China's New＆High Technology224

CHARTER 20 ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT227

EX.89 Background Notes 1:Implementing the Strategy227

of Revitalizing the Nation through Science＆Education and the Strategy of Sustainable Development227

EX.90 Background Notes 2:Development is the Absolute229

Principle229

EX.91　Background Notes 3:UNEP Statement on Sustainable Development230

EX.92 Discussion on Environment and Development231

EX.93 Discussion on China's Strategy of Sustainable Development235

EX.94 Jiang Zemin's Statement on International Situation Our Foreign Policy239

CHARTER 21 ON INTERNATIONAL SITUATION AND CHINA'S FOREIGN POLICY239

EX.95 Deng Xiaoping on National Sovereignty and Security241

EX.96 Excerpts from President Jiang Zemin's Speech at the U.N.Special Meeting in Commenmoration of 50th Anniversary of U.N242

EX.97 On Forging a Good-neighbourly Partnership of Mutual Trust between China and ASEAN243

EX.98 On China's Relations with Western Countries246

EX.99 Chinese Premier Congratulating the 30th Anniversary of the Founding of the Group of 77247

EX.100 Chinese Premier on Cooperation between Asia and Europe248

CHARTER 22 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND EVALUATION251

Ⅰ．On the Professional Ethics251

PART FOUR STEPPING-STONE TO COMPETENCY IN SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION251

Ⅱ．On the Professional Evaluation252

CHARTER 23 BASICS OF SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETA-TION TECHNIQUE255

Ⅰ．Striking a Proper Balance between Listening and Speaking255

Ⅱ．Rendering the Idea,not Mere Words256

Ⅲ．Keeping the Situation under Control258

Ⅳ．Always Analysing the Peculiarities of Transference in Simultaneous Interpretation260

Ⅴ．Always Trying to be Dialectical in Approach265

Ⅵ．Samples Showing Application of Basic Simultaneous Interpretation Techniques277

EX.101 A Sample Speech for Simultaneous Interpreting278

Ⅰ．The Training Must be Severely Practical284

PART FIVE PRACTISING SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION284

CHARTER 24 GENUINE KNOWLEDGE COMES FROM PRACTICE284

Ⅱ．Setting a Higher Demand on Ourselves286

Ⅲ．Features of Exercises in Part Five and Suggested Procedure to be Followed287

CHARTER 25 MORE ON PRACTISING SIGHT-INTERPRETATION290

Ⅰ．Four Points of Attention for Interpreter-trainees290

EX.102 Sample Texts for Practising Sight-interpretation,Focusing on Properly Chopping the Sentences into Sense Groups,as Appropriate292

CHARTER 26 EXERCISES ON USEFUL EXPRESSIONS RELATING TO MEETINGS295

EX.103 Simultaneous Interpretation of Stock-phrases295

EX.104 Simultaneous Interpretation of Procedural Matters298

EX.105 Exercising Right of Reply(by Chinese Delegate)299

EX.106 Speech in Explanation of Vote(for C-E Simultaneous Interpretation)300

CHARTER 27 SPEECHES,ETC.ON POLITICAL AND SECURITY MATERS301

EX.107 Agenda Item:The Situation in the Occupied Arab Territories301

EX.108 Peace in the Atomic Age—TV Speech by Einstein304

EX.109 Speech by Chinese Representative306

EX.110 Speech by Chinese Representative306

EX.111 Statement by Ministry Spokesman on Protesting Japan's Remarks on Surrounding Situation307

CHARTER 28 ON ECONOMIC MATTERS308

EX.112 Speech by Barbados308

EX.113 Speech on North-South Relations(by UK Delegate)311

EX.114 Speech by Leader of the Chinese Delegation at Special Session of G.A313

EX.115 Properly Addressing Globalization—Initial Comments on E/CN.4/Sub.2/1997/9318

EX.116 Li Peng's Statememt at 1997 Annual Meeting of World Bank and IM320

CHARTER 29 SPEECHES,ETC.ON SCIENTIFIC MATTERS325

EX.117 Role of Science Technology in Development325

EX 118 A Talk on Computers327

EX.119 Speech by Chinese Delegate329

EX.120 The Use of Atoms330

EX.121 History of China's S＆T Progress332

EX.122 Main Contents of Provisional Agenda334

CHARTER 30 LEGAL MATTERS RELATING TO U.N.ACTIVITIES334

EX.123 Progress Report on Treaty-Making337

EX.124 On Combating International Terrorism340

EX.125 Views on D.1/CP.3 of FCCC Convention341

CHARTER 31 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT343

EX.126 Adoption of the Preamble to Agenda 21343

EX.127 On Global Environment and Development345

EX.128 UNGA Statement of Commitment352

EX.129 Speech by Minister Chen Yaobang(at COP3)354

EX.130 Speech by Dr.Song Jian at the UNGA Special Session357

Chapter 32 STRIVE FOR COMPETENCY BOTH IN CONSECUTIVE AND IN SIMULTANEOUS365

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PART SIX KEY TO THE INTERPRETATION EXERCISES365

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Appendix.A Brief Chinese Chronology635