《有用的准晶体 英文影印版》

Chapter 1What to Know to Start with1

1 Introduction1

2 Classical and Non-Classical Crystals5

3 The Reciprocal Space17

4 The Search for Enhanced Mechanical Properties23

5 The Birth of a Monster30

6 The Quarrel of Ancients and Moderns35

7 The World of Quasicrystals41

8 Recovering the Periodicity49

9 Organised Disorder:the Phasons55

10 From Tilings to Coverings59

References63

Chapter 2Strange Physical Properties69

1 Introduction69

2Basics of Metal Physics,in Very Simple Words70

2.1 Electron Transport in Metallic Crystals70

2.2 Electron Bands73

2.3 The Hume-Rothery Rules in Crystals79

3Electronic Transport in Quasicrystals83

3.1 Phenomenological Data83

3.2 An Insulator Made of Metals91

3.3 Quantum Interference Effects94

3.4 Variable Range Hopping95

3.5 Hierarchical Recurrent Localization98

3.6 Optical Properties108

3.7 Another Step Towards a Model of Electronic Conductivity110

4Electron Densities of States115

4.1 Pseudogap and Relevant Experimental Information116

4.2 The Hume-Rothery Gap in Related Crystals125

4.3 Surface Electronic States128

4.4 A Bit More about d-states and the Role of Transition Metals130

4.5 Enhanced Stability of Quasicrystals and Approximants133

5Lattice Dynamics and Thermal Conductivity137

5.1 Lattice Vibrations in Icosahedral Mono-Domain Samples139

5.2 Heat Conduction142

5.3 Structural Scattering of Phonons146

5.4 Electronic Contribution to Heat Transport152

6 Magnetism154

References159

Chapter 3When Atoms Move Away167

1 Introduction167

2Brittle Intermetallics that End into Chewing-Gum169

2.1 Hardness,Brittleness and Low Friction171

2.2 Plastic Behaviour at Elevated Temperature184

2.3 The Role of Dislocations187

2.4 Behind Dislocations,Cluster Friction193

3Non-Conventional Surfaces198

3.1 Rough and Flat Surfaces198

3.2 Static Friction on Clean Surfaces207

4Oxidation Behaviour209

4.1 Dependence on Oxidizing Environment209

4.2 Kinetics and Temperature Dependence213

5Atomic Mobility216

5.1 Atomic Transport in Normal Crystals216

5.2 Diffusion in Icosahedral Quasicrystals219

5.3 Phason Assisted Diffusion227

5.4 Atomic Jumps234

References238

Chapter 4Preparation and Mass Production245

1 Introduction245

2 Phase Selection247

3The Multitude of Approximants251

3.1 Crystals and Approximants in the Al-Cu-Fe-Cr System252

3.2 B2-Based Approximants in Relation to Quasicrystals254

4Phase Diagrams258

4.1 Growth from the Liquid State259

4.2 Equilibrium Phase-Diagram Data260

5Phase Transformations264

5.1 Order-Disorder Transitions267

5.2 Phason-Driven Transitions271

5.3 Pressure-Induced Transitions275

5.4 Surface Transformations281

6Preparation in the Laboratory285

6.1 Out-of-Equilibrium Methods286

6.2 Mono-Domain Samples293

6.3 The Nightmare of Growing a Stable Quasicrystal298

6.4 Sintering302

7The Thick Coatings Route305

7.1 Thermal Spraying versus Magnetron Sputtering Techniques305

7.2 Processing of Atomized Powders316

7.3 Polishing and Surface Preparation324

7.4 Phase Stability of Quasicrystalline Coatings in Agressive Media328

8Thin Films and Nanosized Precipitates336

8.1 Multilayers or Vapour Deposited Films337

8.2 New Data from Kinetics of Growth342

8.3 Nanosized Precipitates in Selected Metallic Alloys346

References349

Chapter 5The Rise of a Dream361

1 Introduction361

2Smart Surfaces362

2.1 Facts and Artifacts362

2.2 Wetting and Electronic Properties372

2.3 Cooking Utensils for the Future383

3Application to Energy Savings386

3.1 Thermal Barriers386

3.2 Reducing Friction and Wear393

3.3 Friction in Vacuum and(Once More)Surface Energy402

4Electronic Devices413

4.1 Light Absorption and Sensors413

4.2 Thermo-Power Generation416

5Generation of a Green Energy420

5.1 Catalysis421

5.2 Hydrogen Storage424

6High-Performance Alloys for Mechanical Applications431

6.1 New Maraging Steels and Light Alloys431

6.2 Metal and Polymer Matrix Composites438

7 Perspective View at Other Applications442

References448

ConclusionThe Dream is Not Over Yet459

References471

Index475