《英语写作理论与技巧》求取 ⇩

PART ONEWRITING SKILLS1

Chapter OneThe Sentence1

Ⅰ．What Is a Sentence1

Ⅱ．Types of Sentences1

1．Declarative,Interrogative，Imperative and Exclamatory Sentences1

2．Simple,Compound and Complex Setences2

Ⅲ．Joining Sentences7

1．Compound Sentences7

2．Complex Sentences9

1）Attributive Clauses9

2）Indirect Questions10

3）Adverb Clauses12

Ⅳ．Tenses17

1．The Past Continuous18

2．Sequence of Tenses(1)19

3．Sequece of Tenses(2)20

4．Sequence of Tenses(3)21

Ⅴ．Word Order22

Ⅵ．Common Mistakes24

Chapter TwoThe Paragaraph30

Ⅰ．What Is a Paragraph30

Ⅱ．How to Write a Paragraph30

1．The Topic Sentence30

2．The Developing Sentences32

3．The Concluding Sentence34

Ⅲ．Development of a Paragraph44

1．Development by Examples44

2．Development by Classification/Division49

3．Development by Comparison/Contrast53

4．Development by Definition58

5．Development by Cause and Effect61

6．Development by Process66

7．Development by Time and Space70

8．Development by Generalization75

9．Development by Combination of Methods78

Chapter ThreeThe Essay81

Ⅰ．Building up Your Essay81

1．Unity81

2．Coherence84

3．Completeness85

4．Cutting Loose86

5．Re-writing86

6．Titles86

Ⅱ．How to Write an Essay87

1．The Opening87

2．The Body90

3．The End90

PART TWOTYPES OF ESSAYS96

Chapter FourNarration96

Ⅰ．What Is a Narration96

Ⅱ．How to Write a Narration97

1．Writing Stories98

2．Writing News Reports118

3．Writing Travels126

Chapter FiveDescription138

Ⅰ．What Is a Description138

Ⅱ．How to Write a Description138

1．Thinking of a Central Idea139

2．Selecting Details139

3．Choosing Appropriate Words and Using Figures of Speech140

4．Using Sensory Details141

5．Making a General Outline142

Ⅲ．Four Types of Descriptions145

1．Description of a Person145

1）Appearance145

2）Clothing146

3）Manners146

4）Action147

5）Language148

6）Psychology149

2．Description of a Place169

3．Description of an Object179

4．Description of a Scene185

Chapter SixExposition196

Ⅰ．What Is an Exposition196

Ⅱ．How to Write an Exposition197

Ⅲ．Types of Expositions197

1．Illustration197

2．Comparison and Contrast206

3．Definition and Classification214

4．Cause and Effect222

5．Process230

6．Object Exposition236

7．Reason Exposition241

8．Simple Exposition241

1）Advertisements241

2）Directions245

Chapter SevenArgumentation251

Ⅰ．What Is an Argumentation251

Ⅱ．How to Write an Argumentation252

1．A Clear Viewpoint252

2．Sufficient Evidence253

3．Rigorous Reasoning253

4．A Logical Conclusion254

Ⅲ．Types of Argumentations254

1．Argumentative Essays255

1）Argumentation Supporting the View255

2）Argumentation against the View261

2．Speeches266

1）The Fourth Inaugural Address of President F.D.R266

2）The Gettysburg Address270

3）Speech at the Graveside of Karl Marx271

PART THREEPRACTICAL WRITING276

Chapter EightLetters276

Ⅰ．Letter Writing276

Ⅱ．How to Write Letters276

Ⅲ．Types of Letters281

1．Personal Letters281

2．Business Letters293

1）The Letter of Inquiry293

2）The Letter of Application295

3）The Letter of Recommendation302

Ⅳ．How to Address an Envelope303

Chapter NineNotes and Notices307

Ⅰ．Notes307

1．Invitations307

2．Congratulations313

3．Condolences315

4．Thanks and Apologies316

5．Asking for Leave317

6．Note Left319

Ⅱ．Notices321

Chapter TenThe Summary327

Ⅰ．What Is a Summary327

Ⅱ．How to Write a Summary327

Ⅲ．Five Types of Summaries329

1．Narrative Materials329

2．Passages Containing Conversations330

3．Passages Containing Facts and Comments332

4．Imaginative Writings335

5．Argumentative Writings336

PART FOURRHETORIC AND PUNCTUATION346

Chapter ElevenFigures of Speech346

Ⅰ．What Is a Figure of Speech346

Ⅱ．Types of Figures347

1．Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers347

2．Simile352

3．Metaphor353

4．Metonymy357

5．Synecdoche359

6．Personification362

7．Hyperbole363

8．Euphemism364

9．Irony366

10．Antithesis368

11．Paradox368

12．Oxymoron369

13．Parallelism370

14．Apostrophe374

Chapter ElevenPunctuation379

Ⅰ．What Is Punctuation379

Ⅱ．The Rules of Punctuation380

1．Quotation Marks380

2．The Question Mark381

3．The Exclamation Mark381

4．The Full Stop381

5．The Colon382

6．The Semi-colon382

7．The Comma383

8．The Dash385

9．The Hyphen386

10．The Apostrophe386

11．Brackets387

12．Dots387

Bibliography390