《THE CONCEPT OF STATE JURISDICTION IN INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW》

CHAPTER ⅠINTRODUCTION1

Ⅰ.The Attitude of the Institut de Droit International8

Ⅱ.The Attitude of the International Law Association9

1.Terminology11

2.Classification of Spacecraft14

3.Registration and Nationality of Spacecraft16

a.National Registration17

b.International Registration17

Ⅲ.The Attitude of the David Davies Memorial Institute23

CHAPTER ⅡTHE LEGAL BASIS OF THE PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED NATIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF STATE JURISDICTION IN INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW36

Ⅰ.The Principle of Applicability of International Law to Space Activities36

Ⅱ.The Concept of State Jurisdiction in Public International Law49

1.Territorial Jurisdiction51

2.Quasi-territorial Jurisdiction57

3.Jurisdiction Over the High Seas and The Antarcti61

a.The High Seas61

(i)Fishing Zones63

(ii) The Contiguous Zone65

(iii) The Continental Shelf65

(iv) Air Defence Identification Zones66

b.The Antarctic66

4.Personal Jurisdiction68

5.Jurisdiction According to the Universal Principle70

6.Immunities from and Restrictions upon State Jurisdiction72

CHAPTER ⅢTHE PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF CERTAIN LEGAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE EXERCISE OF STATE JURISDICTION IN OUTER SPACE AND ON CELESTIAL BODIES75

Ⅰ.The Competence of the United Nations75

Ⅱ.The Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the UNCOPUOS78

Ⅲ.The Sessions of the Legal Sub-Committee of the UNCOPUOS80

1.The First Session of the Legal Sub-Committee80

a.The Soviet Draft Proposal on the Basic Principles(Re Launching State)81

b.The Soviet Draft Proposal on Rescue and Return81

c.The U.S.Draft Proposal on Assistance and Return82

d.The U.S.Draft Proposal on Liability83

e.The Indian Proposal83

2.The Second Session of the Legal Sub-Committee83

A.The U.S.and Soviet Draft Declarations on Legal Principles(Re Launching)84

B.The U.K.and U.A.R.Draft Declarations(Re Launching)84

C.The Belgian Working Paper on Liability84

3.The Third and Fourth Session of the Legal Sub-Committee85

a.Draft Agreements on Liability86

b.Draft Agreements on Rescue and Return86

(i)The Exercise of State Jurisdiction ratione loci with respect to rescue87

(ii) The Exercise of State Jurisdiction ratione personae88

(iii) The Exercise of State Jurisdiction ratione instrumenti90

4.The Sixth and Seventh Session of the Legal Sub-Committee91

a.Questions Relative to the Definition of Outer Space92

b.Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space93

CHAPTER ⅣTHE LEX LATA REGARDING THE EXERCISE OF STATE JURISDICTION IN OUTER SPACE95

Ⅰ.The "Sources"95

1.International Conventions95

2.International Custom97

3.General Principles of Law98

4.The Provisions of the Declaration of Legal Principles100

Ⅱ.The Effect of Article Ⅷ of the Space Treaty on the Concept of State Jurisdiction106

1.The Relation Between Article Ⅷ and the General Principles of International Space Law106

a.The Fifth Session of the Legal Sub-Committee107

b.State Jurisdiction Over Spacecraft and Astronauts108

(i)Jurisdiction and Control108

(ii) Ownership108

(iii) Return108

2.The Basic Principles of Space Law116

3.The Principle of Non-Appropriation(Article Ⅱ)116

4.Relationship Between Article Ⅷ and Articles Ⅱ and Ⅳ117

5.The Principle of Return of Astronauts(Article Ⅴ) and the Agreement on Rescue and Return118

6.The Principle of International Responsibility of States for National Activities in Outer Space(Article Ⅵ)122

7.Liability(Article Ⅶ)123

8.The Principle of Cooperation(Article Ⅸ)123

9.Tracking Facilities(Article Ⅹ)123

10.International Organizations(Article Ⅺ)123

11.The Principle of Open Access to Moon Stations(Article Ⅻ)124

Ⅲ.The Legal Basis of State Jurisdiction in Space Law124

CHAPTER ⅤOBSERVATIONS DE LEGE FERENDA126

Ⅰ.A Proposal:The Concept of "Functional Jurisdiction"126

Ⅱ.Reflections on the Jurisdictional Aspects of the Establishment of a Canadian Domestic Satellite Communication System138

1.The Sources140

2.Basis of the Recommended Claim,or the Substance of the Term "Canada's Particular and Distinctive Requirements"143

3.The Legal Nature of the Recommended Claim147

CONCLUSION152

APPENDICES156

Ⅰ.Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space-U.N.General Assembly Resolution 1962(ⅩⅧ),13 December 1963156

Ⅱ.Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space,Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies,27 January 1967158

Ⅲ.Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere,in Outer Space and Under Water,5 August 1963164

Ⅳ.Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts,the Return of Astronauts,and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space,1967167

Ⅴ.Draft Convention Concerning the Registration of Objects Launched into Space for the Exploration or Use of Outer Space171

Ⅵ.Progress Report on the Question of the Legal Status of Spacecraft.Prepared by Rene H.Mankiewicz,Rapporteur,for the Space Law Committee of the International Law Association.53rd Conference,Buenos Aires,1968174

Selected Bibliography188

Subject Index194

Name Index196