《AN INTRODUCTION TO AIR LAW》

Ⅰ.HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF AIR LAW1

1.Introductory Note1

2.The Origin1

3.The Autonomy of Air Law2

4.Sources of Air Law3

5.The Paris Convention of 19194

6.The Ibero-American Convention and the Pan-American Convention5

7.Principal Organisations in Aviation6

7.1.The 'Comite International Technique d'Experts Juridiques Aeriens'(CITEJA)6

7.2.The 'Commission Internationale de la Navigation Aerienne'(CINA)6

7.3.PICAO,ICAO and IATA6

7.3.1.ICAO7

7.3.2.IATA7

7.4.Charter organisations7

7.5.Other organisations7

Ⅱ.THE CHICAGO CONVENTION OF 1944 ON INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION9

1.The Preparatory Stage9

2.The Convention10

3.Freedom and Sovereignty12

4.Scheduled and Non-scheduled Air Traffic13

5.Cabotage16

6.Airline Co-operation17

7.Nationality18

8.Airports20

9.Aviation Personnel21

9.1.The aircraft commander22

9.2.Other personnel24

9.2.1.Ground personnel24

9.2.2.Flying personnel25

10.Jurisdiction25

11.State Aircraft26

11.1.Red Cross aircraft27

11.2.Other state aircraft28

12.Measures to Facilitate Air Navigation30

13.International Organisations(Worldwide)30

13.1.ICAO(the International Civil Aviation Organisation)31

13.1.1.The Assembly31

13.1.2.The Council31

13.1.3.The Legal Committee32

13.1.4.The ICAO Council and the International Court of Justice32

13.2.IATA(the International Air Transport Association)34

13.3.Charter organisations35

14.Regional Organisations and Agreements35

14.1.The European Civil Aviation Conference(ECAC)36

14.2.The Treaty of Rome(EEC Treaty)37

14.3.Eurocontrol38

14.4.Other regional forms of co-operation39

15.Bilateralism40

16.The New Aviation Policy42

Ⅲ.THE LIABILITY OF THE CARRIER UNDER THE 'WARSAW SYSTEM'45

1.Introductory Note45

2.The Warsaw Convention46

2.1.Applicability46

2.2.Documents of carriage49

2.2.1.The passenger ticket49

2.2.2.The baggage check50

2.2.3.The air waybill52

2.3.The liability of the carrier54

2.4.When is the carrier not liable?54

2.5.Unlimited liability55

2.6.The declaration of value58

2.7.The duration of liability58

2.8.Delay61

2.9.Damage and compensation63

2.10.Claims and claimants66

2.11.Jurisdiction and fora67

3.The Hague Protocol68

4.The Guadalajara Convention73

5.The Montreal Agreement of 196675

6.The Guatemala Protocol77

7.The Four Montreal Protocols of 197579

Ⅳ.PRODUCTS LIABILITY IN AVIATION83

1.Introductory Note83

2.The Evolution Towards Strict Liability84

3.Crashworthiness88

4.Punitive Damages90

5.Codification of Products Liability91

Ⅴ.SURFACE DAMAGE AND COLLISIONS93

1.Damage Caused to Third Parties on the Surface93

1.1.Historical perspective93

1.2.The scope of the 1952 Rome Convention and the 1978 Montreal Protocol95

1.3.The principles and rules of liability97

1.3.1.The principle of risk liability of the operator97

1.3.2.The requirements of Article 198

1.3.3.Exoneration from liability99

1.3.4.The limits of liability100

1.3.5.Unlimited liability102

1.3.6.The obligations of the operator102

1.3.7.Persons entitled to claim103

1.3.8.Security for the operator's liability104

1.3.9.Jurisdiction105

1.3.10.Limitation of actions106

1.3.11.Execution of judgments106

1.3.12.Final provisions108

1.4.Damage caused by noise and sonic boom108

2.Air Collisions113

Ⅵ.INSURANCE117

1.Introductory Note117

2.History117

3.Risk Evaluation119

4.Types of Insurance120

4.1.Aviation hull insurance120

4.2.Carrier's liability insurance122

4.3.Flying personnel insurance124

5.Hijacking124

6.Concluding Note125

Ⅶ.RIGHTS IN AIRCRAFT127

1.Precautionary Attachment of Aircraft127

2.International Recognition of Rights in Aircraft128

2.1.The Geneva Convention128

2.1.1.The history of the Geneva Convention128

2.1.2.The need for a Convention128

2.1.3.The special characteristics of the Convention129

2.1.4.The scope of the Convention130

2.1.5.The definition of aircraft131

2.1.6.The basic principles underlying the Convention131

2.1.7.The record132

2.1.8.The procedure for creating mortgages133

2.1.9.Priority claims134

2.1.10.Implied(concealed) priority claims136

2.1.11.The attachment of an aircraft138

2.1.12.The transfer of a registration139

2.1.13.The spare parts140

2.1.14.Applicable law141

2.1.15.Aircraft under construction142

2.1.16.Miscellaneous provisions142

2.1.17.Concluding note142

2.2.Leasing of aircraft143

Ⅷ.ASSISTANCE AND SALVAGE145

1.Introductory Note145

2.The Brussels Convention146

3.Search and Rescue(Chicago Convention,Article 25 and Annex 12)147

4.Financial Aspects149

5.Concluding Remarks149

Ⅸ.PENAL LAW AND AVIATION151

1.The Tokyo Convention151

1.1.Historical perspective151

1.1.1.The preliminaries151

1.1.2.Several theories152

1.1.3.Case law153

1.2.Scope and purpose of the Tokyo Convention154

1.3.Jurisdiction155

1.4.Definition of the term 'in flight'155

1.5.The powers of the aircraft commander156

1.6.Unlawful seizure157

1.7.The obligations of the states157

1.8.Extradition157

1.9.Joint and international operating agencies158

1.10.Settlement of disputes158

1.11.Concluding note158

2.The Hague Convention159

2.1.The need for a Convention159

2.2.The scope of the Convention160

2.3.Jurisdiction160

2.4.Extradition161

2.5.Miscellaneous provisions162

2.6.Concluding note162

3.The Montreal Convention163

4.Concluding remarks165

BIBLIOGRAPHY167

INDEX178